Study On Influencing Factors And Suggestions Of Farmers’ Income In Heilongjiang

Farmers’income growth is the fundamental starting point and goal to solve the issue of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". Our country clearly points out we should improve the capacity of farmers’income growth and increase farmers’income with multi-channels in the "12th Five-Year Plan". The18th national congress of Communist Party of China proposes that we achieve the ambitious goal to complete the moderately prosperous society in all aspects by2020, emphasizing the gross national product and per capita income of urban and rural residents is more than double that of2010.2013Central Rural Work Conference stresses that to protect national food security and supply of major agricultural products, we should spare no efforts in increasing farmers’ income. This shows that the country attaches great importance to the issue of food security and farmers’income growth and the issue of farmers’income has risen to national strategic level. Heilongjiang, as our country’s first major grain and commodity grain producing Province, has made outstanding contributions to the protection of national food security. However, the level of farmers’ income in Heilongjiang is significantly lower than that of food sales areas. The existing arable land area is0.206billion hectares in Heilongjiang, accounting for11.4%of the arable land of China, rural per capita arable land area is12.1acres and ranks first in the country. In the process of "Nine Year Consecutive Growth of the nation’s grain yield", Heilongjiang has played a major role in boosting. The contribution rate of grain production in Heilongjiang is as high as60.61%in2009, marking obvious Longjiang imprint for "Nine Year Consecutive Growth of the nation’s grain yield". Heilongjiang proposes "thousands of tons of food engineering" in2008and achieves this ambitious goal with annual grain output of50.13million tons in2010. The grain output reaches111.41billion kilograms unprecedently in2011and ranks first replacing Henan in the country. Food output accounts for10%that of the nation and the commodity grain rate is as high as80%, ranking first among13major grain-producing provinces. Even with such a brilliant food production outcomes, Heilongjiang still does not get rid of the fate of poor financial Province and farmers’low income. From2000to2011, farmers’income in Heilongjiang has always fluctuated up and down in the national average. Per capita income is3,552yuan in2006,35yuan lower than the national average of3,587yuan and per capita income is4,132yuan in2007,8yuan lower than the national average. Farmers’income is less than50%of the farmers in Beijing and Shanghai until2011. Grain output growth without increasing income or income growth effect is not obvious, which is still very apparent. Therefore, the paper considers farmers’income growth in Heilongjiang as the research object which has a higher reality and theoretical significance. Through researching the issue of farmers’ income growth in Heilongjiang, we find that it has important practical significance to promote the sustainable growth of farmers’ income, to ensure national food security, to invigorate the rural economy,to maintain social stability and to develop the rural consumer market in Heilongjiang Province. At the same time, it plays a role in demonstrating for farmers’income growth of other major grain producing areas.Firstly, the paper analyzes farmers’ income situation in Heilongjiang Province. This part first dynamically analyzes the farmers’ income levels, the revenue structure and urban-rural income gap in Heilongjiang and identifies its variation of farmers’ income, then compares farmers’ income in Heilongjiang with other areas and finds the characteristics of farmers’ income in Heilongjiang. Meanwhile, this part measures the coordination of farmers’ income in Heilongjiang. Combining income with food production effectively by utilizing factor score analysis model, the paper verifies whether farmers’ contributions and farmers’ income is coordinated. At last, by comparing with comprehensive moderately prosperous standard, the paper shows clearly the gap between farmers’ income in Heilongjiang and moderately prosperous standard and the time to achieve the standard of moderately prosperous income.Secondly, the paper analyzes influencing factors of farmers’ income in Heilongjiang. This part analyzes the survey data using multiple linear regression method in order to study the main factors affecting farmers’ income in Heilongjiang.Furthermore, the paper analyzes game relationship between farmers’ production behavior and business entities in Heilongjiang. This part analyzes the behavior of corporate and government to impact farmers’ income in Heilongjiang except the model’s influence, to find the path to optimize the action of farmers, businesses and government and to promote the maximization of farmers’ interests.Finally, the paper summarizes the conclusions of the full text and proposes the targeted suggestions for farmers’ income growth in Heilongjiang. This study shows:(1) Farmers’ income in Heilongjiang shows a rising trend and its main income source is the family-run income, wage income has become the second income source, but the proportion of wage income is significantly lower than that of other areas.(2)The farmers’ income level in Heilongjiang is extremely unreasonable and its food production contribution does not receive reasonable compensation.(3) There are certain problems for the main influencing factors of farmers in Heilongjiang Province which directly or indirectly restricts farmers’ income growth:1) Declining on water resources carrying capacity.2) Rapid decline in the land quality and serious soil erosion.3) Lower culture quality on farmers’ themselves.4) Limited amount of subsidies and missing on food production externalities compensation mechanism.5) Rising fast on agricultural prices and gradually compressed on profit margins.6) Highlighting on "Cropping" problems.7) Capital supply can’t still meet the farmers’ needs.8) Technical requirements are not met and technology application is not in place.9) Evident land fragmentation in some areas.10) Mechanization level is still not high in some areas.11) Limited coverage on Cooperatives and its actual role needs to be strengthened.12) Relative lack of irrigation facilities.13) Relatively limited network coverage.14) Lagging on the development of township enterprises.15) The phenomenon of entrapping and harming farmers still exists.(4) The main influencing factors of farmers’income in Heilongjiang includes sown area, main planted varieties, average working days of the years of labor, the number of family labor, the number of non-health, the proportion of grain income, a single crop or not, the average agricultural machinery power, low-yield farmland acreage, degree of large-scale land, the average number of labors’years of schooling, labors’average age and access to credit or not. The number of non-health, the proportion of grain income, a single crop or not, low-yield farmland acreage and labors’ average age has played a negative role in farmers’income in Heilongjiang and other factors are positive ones.(5) To optimize each entity’s action, we should take full advantage of the mechanism of supervision and competition. Farmers lies in a disadvantage position in the game relationship, which the government should strengthen supervision and provide subsidies to guarantee farmers’ self-interest, meanwhile, the government could also get a long-term social and ecological benefits.According to the above conclusions, the study proposes the following suggestions:(1) Vigorously develop the rural cooperative organizations and continue to improve the quality of farmers;(2) Establish Longjiang compensation mechanism of farmers’interests and secure more preferential policies;(3) Actively promote the appropriate scale in order to achieve economies of scale;(4) Improve agricultural infrastructure and consolidate the material foundation of agricultural development;(5) Through science and technology play an active role in order to make farmers rich;(6) Relying on their own advantages and actively promote the development of township enterprises and multinational agricultural production;(7) Crackdown "entrap&harm" farmers’ behavior and stabilize agricultural prices;(8) Develop the mode of multi-agent supply of funds to solve financial needs of farmers;(9) Implement nature conservation policies to promote agricultural sustainable development.