Since The Reform And Opening To The Outside Organization Theories And Comparative Study Of Chinese Farmers

The dissertation is about the review and the analysis of the theoretical andacademic thoughts concerning how to organize Chinese peasants and peasants’cooperative development from the perspective of “school of theories” in order toclarify different origins of the thought on this problem,which provides adirectional and enlightening value for further research.Household contract system has proved to be a historic leap in Chinese ruraldevelopment and reform.However,how to further overcome its disadvantage to solvethe contradiction between the small-scale peasant and big market in order to theimproving of organized level of the peasants and completion of the rural managementsystem is still a difficult problem confuesd both Chinese scholars and practicaldepartments,the relevant research results appears to be numerous, complicated andeven controversial.The theory that Chinese scholars try to describe,to interpret and to predict how toorganize chinese peasants for modern agriculture， when settling the tradecontradiction between the peasants and the market fter the implementation ofhousehold contract system,is presenting widely different schools of theories ortheoretical perspectives which have different research objective,research method andresearch tradition etc.The dissertation finds out that the school of theories which isconsistent to its connotation demarcation and measurement criteria hascomposed of the following three schools of theories:the New RuralReconstruction Theoretical School, Specialized Peasants’ CooperativeTheoretical School and Comprehensive Agricultural Cooperative TheoreticalSchool.The main body in this dissertation itemizes and illustrates intensively andsystematically three schools of theories with regard to their emergance,the academicthoughts evolution of the representative persons, the origin of thoughts,theoreticalopinions,core concepts and propositions,policy views,and research method etc,andthen analyses their characteristics,social influences etc.Based on the researching perspective of “school of theories”,the dissertationclassifies the relevant academic opinions and theoretical systems on how toorganize Chinese peasants and cooperative development as three schools oftheories:the New Rural Reconstruction Theoretical School,the Specialized Peasants’ Cooperative Theoretical School and the Comprehensive AgriculturalCooperative Theoretical School.As far as the content of the dissertation isconcerned,the author introduces the academic experiences and thoughtevolution of the representative persons of three schools of theories,and thenconstructs a analytical framework of economic thought on how to organizeChinese peasants and peasants’cooperative,which is deserved as the theoreticalinnovation and academic contribution.The following is the main research results concerning the three schools oftheories:Wen Tiejun and Li Changping are considered as the representative persons of theNew Rural Reconstruction Theoretical School,they launch and propel the New RuralReconstruction Movement,whose thoughts are derived directly from the Early RuralReconstruction Theoretical School and Liang Shuming and Yan Yangchu’sthoughts.According to the rural reform experiments and new rural reconstructionpractices,Wen Tiejun puts forward the fundamental assumption,concept andresearching object about Chinese rural problems,he not only comes up with theconcepts such as“the issues of agriculture,farmer and rural ares”,“the issues oflocal governance”,“small-scale peasant and rural economic institution”,and “ruralreason”to revise the main concepts in Chinese rural economy,but also expounds aseries of propositions and ideas to explain Chinese rural basic institutions.Headvocates rural reconstruction,thinks highly of “rural reason”,and proposes toconstruct multivariate cooperation framework based on the village communityunit.He thinks that the cultural construction of rural surplus population andinfrastructure construction of irrigation and water conservancy should be taken as thefield to reconstruct rural social capital and to be a scale trading body as well as toobtain the cooperative profit(organization rents) in order to achieve rural bettergovernance and development.Dissimilar to Wen Tiejun,“Gross Root” scholar LiChangping puts forward the theory of Peasants and Villages Community which isbuilt with trinity and unified four-right and taken financial cooperation community asthe core.The New Rural Reconstruction Theoretical School and its ruralreconstruction experiment have exerted great influence on humanistic and socialscience research and macropolicy-making in China.Zhang Xiaoshan and YuanPeng are considered as the representative persons of the Specialized Peasants’ Cooperative Theoretical School.Whose thoughts andpolicies are derived mainly from the cooperative development principle ofInternational Cooperative Alliance,the organizational and institutional research ofNew Institution Economics and Political Economics of Karl Marx.The SpecializedPeasants’ Cooperative Theoretical School has reached a series of theoretical opinionsand suppositions which demonstrated in the following fields such as cooperativeprinciple and essence,western cooperative school of theories,the relationshipbetween nation and cooperative,national legislation and cooperative development,Specialized Peasants’ Cooperative Law of the People’s Repubilcof China,Chineserural management system innovation as well as the future development of Chinesepeasants cooperatives.The suggestions of it have been adopted by the first act ofCooperative when legistation,which has great importance.Xu Xianglin，Bai Zhigang and Chenlin are considered as the representativepersons of the Comprehensive Agricultural Cooperative Theoretical School.Whosetheoretical opinions and policies are inspired by the Japanese AgriculturalCooperative Associations and the theory of Chinese revolution as well as themacroeconomic theory of Keynes.The Comprehensive Agricultural CooperativeTheoretical School has pointed out that the traditional economic sector has theshortage feature of currency supply,and that the financial policy of macroeconomicmanagement is the fundamental method in transforming traditional agriculture andrural area,and that the Comprehensive Agricultural Cooperative should be a carrieraccepting currency supply to traditional sector,and that the traditional cooperativeeconomic organizations should be transformed as Comprehensive AgriculturalCooperative suitable for Chinese conditions,etc.These opinions have great effect onChinese academic field and meanwhile have been discussed in the different ways.The dissertation finally discusses the academic meanings of three schools oftheories and makes a comparison between their divergences and debates,and thenanalyses doctrinally the different cooperative models as an institutional arrangementand institutional supply suggested by three schools of theories,and then reaches someconclusions,which have enlightenment on the theoretical research of Chinesepeasants’cooperative and future direction of how to organize Chinese peasants.