| The ecological environment influencing human survival and development refers to the quantity and quality of water resources, land resources, biological resources and climate resources. The ecological environment is a compound ecosystem which is related to the development of the social and economic sustainable. The ecological security is a status when the personal life, health, happiness, basic rights, source of life safeguard, necessary resources, social order and the human ability to adapt to environmental changes were not threatened. A composite artificial ecological security system is formed, including natural ecological security, economic security and social ecological security. With the rapid development of social economy, human activities have become increasingly frequent, so that the pressure which the resources and environment need to bear is increasing. The ecological disasters such as geological disasters, extreme weather conditions which was caused by the environmental pollution and ecological destruction was a growing threat to the sustainable development of regional. The connotation of ecological security is beyond the category of organism or ecosystem. It is an important part of national security, the basis and carrier of other security as well as the country’s political security, military security, territorial security, financial security. In recent years, the studies of ecological security in other country are mainly concentrated in global or national level. The scientists have focused on the internal relationship between environmental change and security. There are important real guiding meanings of assessing the factor of ecological environment and ecological system. The assessment must be reliable, feasible, and providing guidance for policymakers. Therefore, based on the discussion of scientific basis of regional ecological security, this research has studied temporal evolution and spatial variation of the regional ecological footprint, ecological capacity, million yuan GDP footprint and ecological deficit. Then, the study has analyzed the relationship between social economic development and ecological footprint. After that, the study has assessed the regional ecological security, found out the problem of ecological security status region and its temporal evolution and spatial characteristics and provided a theoretical basis and support for the establishment of evaluation index system of regional ecological security. At last, the study has predicted the development trend of regional ecological security, and put forward the control countermeasure.This study selects the east of Chongqing in Three Gorges Reservoir area as the study area. As a supplementary water source of South to North Water Diversion Project, the Three Gorges Reservoir is providing water for more than half the population and nearly1/4vast in scope. According to the "Three Gorges follow-up work plan" which has been approved by the State Council, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was designated as a national strategic freshwater resource. The Three Gorges Reservoir area of Eastern Chongqing is located in the center of the Three Gorges area, the east area is Wushan County, and the west is Wanzhou District.it is the east gate of Chongqing municipality directly under the central government. It is an important part of the Yangtze River economic belt, at lower section to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It is one of the important ecological function areas. Because this region belongs to the poor areas in the west of the country, millions of migrant resettlement area, where prone to geological disasters, soil erosion and the ecological environment are fragile. The contradiction among population resource and the ecological environment is very prominent. Ecological security has become an important factor that restricts the sustainable development of the region. Studying on ecological security evaluation of the area, to protect the safety of drinking water in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and the area of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, optimize inter-basin water in China, ease drought and water shortage in northern area, achieve the optimization of national water resources are considered to be strategically important.The main content of this paper includes7chapters:The first chapter is introduction which introduces the research background, the domestic and foreign research present situation research purpose, content and method and technical route. By reading a lot of domestic and foreign literature about the concept, characteristics and classification of ecological security, the development process of ecological security research, the difference of ecological security assessment, the problem of ecological security assessment research. The literature review is written in the above aspects.Combining with the regional social and natural environment, this research which is based on the theories and methods of geography, ecology, landscape ecology, statistics, by using the ecological footprint model, ecological carrying capacity models, grey correlation degree model and the grey system prediction model, ARCGIS, MATLAB and SPSS techniques, assesses and studies the Three Gorges in Chongqing the eastern regional ecological security status.The second chapter is the general situation of eastern region of Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. By describing the natural environment, social and economic status of the study area, this chapter analyzes the importance and theory and practice meaning through studying ecological security assessment in the region.The third chapter is the study of ecological footprint of Chongqing section in Three Gorges Reservoir area. One aspect is the dynamic relationship between ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity. The other aspect is the relationship between ecological footprint and social economic driving force. In this paper, the ecological footprint theory and method are applied to calculate and analyze the ecological footprint and ecological capacity from2001-2011in Three Gorges Reservoir area of Eastern Chongqing County. The results show that from2001～2011, ecological footprint, ecological footprint per capita and million yuan GDP footprint have an obvious growth trend. There are different levels of decreasing trend of ecological carrying capacity, while the ecological footprint is bigger than the ecological capacity, accordingly, the ecological deficit appears and expands. The spatial distribution of ecological footprint is decreasing from the southwest to northeast direction. The spatial distribution of the ecological carrying capacity on both sides of a relatively high and middle low. That tells us, in the study area, the human activity of production, economic activity, the consumption of natural resources is far more than the area can provide. The population growth and economic development are demanding for resource which has exceeded the regeneration capacity of the ecological system.In recent years, the development of the research area is accelerating, urbanization and industrialization level are gradually increased, and the per capita income and consumption level is also rising. Thus,8social and economic indicators were chosen to run correlation analysis, principal component analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis, in order to analyze the relationship between the ecological footprint and social economy index. The results show that the development of the society and economy is strongly driven growth of ecological footprint, leading to a high ecological footprint, reflecting the unsustainability of the general development of the study area.The forth chapter is the ecological security assessment which has analyzed ecological security condition and distribution in Three Gorges Reservoir area of Eastern Chongqing. Grey correlation model was chosen as the ecological security evaluation model in this chapter. Evaluation index system of ecological security and ecological safety hierarchy were established to analyze ecological security situation in time and space evolution law in the study area from2001to2011.The results show that the most of ecological security, pressure security, state security level and response security level reached Ⅲ or Ⅳ. There are a few counties at level II in some year. The ecological security level is higher while the research area is closer to the hinterland of the Three Gorges reservoir. The pressure security level is decreasing which means the regional resources and environmental pressures is increasing. Along the stem stream of Yangtze River, pressures on resource and environment are relatively less than other districts. Spatial distribution of state safety level is changing significantly. In the study area, the environmental situation and development trend is good. The gap of environmental situation between each county is shortening. The response security level has been increased obviously. In the study area, Wanzhou shows a largest increase in the response security level. Efforts have been made to response to the ecological security status, in order to make this area developing in a sustainable way.The fifth chapter is the grey prediction research on ecological security level in the Three Gorges Reservoir area east of Chongqing. The construction of GM (1,1) grey system forecast model based on the calculation results of ecological security level, pressure security level, state safety level, response security level2001-2011in Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Chongqing. This model is used to make long-term prediction of ecological security level, pressure security level, state safety level and response security level. Results show that, until2017, ecological safety, pressure security, state security level and response security level are all grown to level Ⅳ or above. Although there are still a few counties have a small increase, the regional ecological security situation is moving in the right direction. Until2017, the gap of ecological security situation between counties in the study area is gradually widening.The sixth chapter is the study of ecological security countermeasures. According to the ecological security assessment and the prediction results ecological security countermeasures such as improving rules and regulations, optimizing administration system, strengthening the government’s macro-control functions, establishing a market-oriented mechanism, encouraging research in science and technology related to ecological security and public participation. These countermeasures will provide scientific support system for improving regional ecological security and propelling the sustainable development.The seventh chapter is the conclusion and prospect which has summarized the conclusion of this article and possible innovation points. |
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