Study On Pastoral Satisfaction And Willingness To Reduce Livestock In Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy

The grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward policy is a public policy issued by the government in order to protect the grassland ecological environment,reduce the grazing rate,and help the pastoral areas improve their livelihood to some extent.It has been nearly a decade since the grassland compensation policy was implemented in 2011.According to some existing research results,different studies have shown great differences in the evaluation of the effect of the grassland compensation policy.The trend of "partial improvement,overall deterioration" remains unchanged.In some areas,the policy has achieved good results,while others have not achieved the desired goals,and even some areas have deviated from the policy objectives,overgrazing still exists.What are the factors that affect the implementation effect of grassland ecological compensation policy,and whether these factors change with time? As the micro management subject of grassland ecological compensation policy,herdsmen are the direct influencers of the policy implementation effect and the most directly affected stakeholders,their feedback is very important to optimize the policy and improve the support and sustainability of the policy.In view of this,based on the goal of reducing livestock in grassland ecological compensation policy,this study uses the combination of meta-analysis and empirical research to discuss several aspects of herders' feedback evaluation and behavior decision-making,namely,herders' satisfaction,herders' willingness to participate in the compensation policy,as well as the herders' behavior and willingness to reduce livestock.Using the large sample data in meta analysis and the data obtained from field investigations in Naqu,Tibet.Based on the theories of ecology,economics and sociology,using the econometric analysis models such as sensitivity analysis,subgroup analysis,cumulative meta-analysis,meta regression analysis and binary logit regression model,this paper studied the significant factors that affect herders' satisfaction,willingness to participate in the policy and behavior of reducing livestock.So as to provide an important theoretical basis for the optimization of grassland ecological compensation policy.This research also has great innovation in research methods.The main conclusions reached are as follows:Firstly,herders' satisfaction with the policy is the most direct evaluation to test the effectiveness of the policy implementation.(1)The factors that significantly increase satisfaction include: age,education level,subsidy income,the degree of grassland degradation,the timeliness of compensation payments,the standards of compensation payments,the impact of policy on income,and the impact of policy on ecology;Factors that have a significant negative effect are: the number of livestock and the cost of forage.(2)The herders are most concerned about: the influence of compensation policy on income,the standard of compensation payment,and the timeliness of compensation payment.(3)With the change of time,the influence of factors such as livestock quantity and policy's impact on ecology on the satisfaction of herdsmen has gradually increased in recent years,while the influence of age,education level and other factors on satisfaction has gradually decreased with the change of time.(4)In existing researches,there was significant heterogeneity in the grassland area and the impact of policy on income.The time factor,regional factors,and sampling methods were important sources of heterogeneity.Secondly,the herders' willingness to participate in the compensation policy is the key to make the decision of livestock reduction,which is also an important basis for government to formulate reasonable and effective compensation standards.(1)Factors that significantly positively promoted the willingness of herdsmen included herders' education level,animal husbandry income,grassland area,grassland health and herders' understanding of the policy.(2)Among all the influencing factors,herdsmen are most concerned about the animal husbandry income,the results are stable.(3)Most of the variables showed different degrees of heterogeneity,among which the factors with strong heterogeneity included the number of livestock and household income,while the factors with strong homogeneity were animal husbandry income and grassland health.(4)With the change of time,the effects of livestock quantity,grassland area and grassland health degree had gradually increased,while other factors had weakened to varying degrees.Thirdly,the main goal of grassland ecological compensation policy is to reducelivestock.According to the study results in the Nagqu region,Tibet.(1)In the sample area,the proportion of herdsmen who are willing to reduce livestock is 67.16%,while those who are not willing to reduce livestock are 32.84%.Among the herdsmen who are willing to reduce their livestock,the number of herdsmen who are willing to reduce their livestock quantity is half or less of the current livestock scale,and 6.52%of herdsmen are willing to reduce their livestock by 100%.(2)There is no significant effect of prohibiting grazing policy and forage-livestock balance policy on the willingness of herdsmen to reduce livestock in the sample area.(3)The contracted area of grassland,the number of livestock,household savings,and the cognition of reducing livestock all have significant positive effects on herders' willingness to reduce livestock.However,the number of family population,the cost of forage,and the idea of expanding the scale of breeding have a significant negative effect on herders' willingness to reduce livestock.In order to make the policy more effective and sustainable,this study puts forward the following suggestion.(1)Strengthen policy propaganda and improve herders' awareness of the policy.(2)Improve the basic education level of herdsmen in pastoral areas.(3)To diversify income sources of herdsmen,such as strengthening technical training in pastoral areas and increasing investment in science and technology.(4)Different regions should adopt different grassland ecological compensation policy,regional difference should be considered.