Research On Ecological Marxist Doctrine

Since the mid-20th century, global ecological crisis had broken. In this situation, the Westerntheorist cared society and nature had made theoretical and practical dimensions for the salvation ofthe environment. We could believe that the generating and evolving of Ecological Marxism is notaccidental. On the one hand, it had struggled with eco-centrism, technology-centrism and othergreen theories. On the one hand, it had formed and developed on the lessons from greenmovement and the practice of socialist countries. From the origins of its ideological contents,Ecological Marxism had assimilated, drawn on and made some expansion from the FrankfurtSchool of the Western Marxism and Marxist ecological thoughts and methodology. It is formed inthe1970s and developed in the1980s and1990s. After2000, by the completion of ecologicalphilosophy of Marxism, it started a new period of development.Under the influence of the Frankfurt School, Ecological Marxist respectively from theconcept and reality analysesed problems why the nature suffered pollution. The Frankfurt schoolthought the subject of manipulate nature is the instrumental rationality, while EcologicalMarxism believed it is "capital" and thus launched series of criticisms towards the capitalistsystem, including capitalist production, Eco-Imperialism, Ecological Reformism etc. From thesocial system aspects, Ecological Marxism maintained that quiddity of capitalism was hostile tonature and destined to destroy it. For the protection of nature, Ecological Marxism discussed thehistory of controlling nature, the concept of domination of nature, the methods and aims ofmanipulate nature, and pointed out that domination of nature differed from destruction of it. Intheir views, the key to keep balance of man and nature was that we must comply with the laws ofnature and start practical activities under its rules.The liberation of nature, related closely with the liberation of human beings, is the theme ofEcological Marxism. For the liberation of nature, Ecological Marxism built or rebuilt the theoriesof Ecological Socialism, ecological philosophy of Marxism and ecological ethics. In addition,Ecological Marxists proposed the labor-leisure monism, new needs and new concept of happiness,"less work and better life" and some other ideas to explain the meanings of human beings’liberation to nature’s. There was no doubt, these views Ecological Marxists put forward that were conducive to the free of nature. This paper argued that Ecological Marxism did not form a systemof men’s liberation theory, which was the major limitation lies in, and reflect and look for theliberation of nature based on men’s liberation.By analyzing the relationship between Marxism and Ecological Marxism, we could examinethe significances and deficiencies of the latter. The first inspection should be the understanding ofthe relationship between man and nature. Through the contrasted of their thoughts of objectivity,materialism, dialectics and historical materialism, we could clearly see their differences on thosehow to treating the domination of man and nature, how to finding the limitation of controllingnature and how to realizing the liberation of it. By compare the philosophy about nature andecological philosophy between them, we could better judge the merits and shortcomings ofEcological Marxist philosophy. Through the social system’s comparison between them, we couldpoint out that Ecological Marxism’s meanings and shortcomings on the relationship of socialsystem and nature. In general, Ecological Marxism fragmented the liberation between man andnature, what was only from the functional way to find the way to let nature free, had not been gotthe height of the Marxism’s thought to some extents. And its Ecological Socialist Theory went toUtopia as Ecological Marxism abandoned the core ideology of Scientific Socialism.Ecological Marxism would become a reference for the Chinese sustainable developmentthere. The latter’s theory was a new development of Marxism in China nowadays. The Concept ofSustainable Development and Ecological Marxism were the thoughts researched on how to betterrunning the society and facing the environment. They both needed to resolve the problem ofkeeping balance of the using of industry and protesting of nature, meeting human needs andrealizing ecological civilization and so on. So some theories of the Ecological Marxism could beused for us. In the construction of ecological civilization society, we must adhere to the socialistsystem, reflect the concept of modernity, change the ways of economic growth, pay attention tobuilding good ecological ethics, etc. It should be pointed out, we would pay attention to China’snational conditions and could not copy the theory ecological Marxism as well as other greentheories. Under the guidance of Marxism, we should construct the Chinese Marxist Ecology,combined the domestic and international situations, based on the assimilating of all the positiveachievements of the green theories around the world.If it had wanted to play a desired role to change the environmental protection of world history, Ecological Marxism should conscientiously study and grasp the human liberation of Marxism, andcombine the human beings’ liberation with that of nature. In addition, Ecological Marxism hadcriticized that the other green theories used a dichotomy way to study the environmental problemswhile it had made itself into a dichotomy to some extent. This paper argued that the reflection ofthe thoughts of the environmental issues as well as improvement of it according to the people’spractice was the key to break the problem domain and the bottleneck of Ecological Marxism andeven let it to get a new height.