| "YuBei Jin dialects" refers to dialect with entering tone at the north area of the yellow river in Henan province, including21districts such as Mengzhou, Jiyuan, Qinyang, Wenxian, Boai, Jiaozuo, Wuzhi, Xiuwu, Huojia, Xinxiang, Fengquan, Huixian, Weihui, Qixian, Hebi, Tangyin, Anyang and Linzhou. the Jin dialect in north Henan appeared at the period of Ming Dynasty Yongle years and belonged to the Xan-Xin dialect cluster of Jin dialect, it is different from the formerly one that this research categorize the Mengzhou dialect as Jin dialect in north Henan.It focuses on the phenomenon of phonological system of mono-syllable and changed form in YuBei Jin Dialects and contains7chapters. Its details is mainly given in chapter5,6and7.Chapter1, Preface. It mainly introduces the culture in north Henan, the history evolution, immigration status in Ming dynasty, significance of the subject, research status, the set of the investigation point and the method of studying competition.Chapter2, Jin dialect phonology in north Henan. This chapter contains the introduction of fifty areas’phonology, including Mengzhou, Jiyuan, Wuzhi, Xinxiang, Qixian and Anyang. And it also gives the necessary description including the influence of the tonal value to the final.Chapter3, the evolution of the initial in Jin dialect in north Henan. According to the middle Chinese phonology, the initials’correspondence between middle Chinese and present Chinese is concluded. Based on this and the Xuaiqing dialect in the early age of20th century, it completely illustrates the evolution of the initials of Jing-Zhi-Zhuang-Zhang groups before the finals of big aperture in original part of Huiqing area during the past ninety yearsChapter4,the evolution of the finals in Jin dialect in north Henan. It’s mainly talking about the present pronunciation of non-abrupt rhymes and abrupt rhymes in middle Chinese. It is also given a detailed description of "low and cracking tone of the single vowel" phenomenon. Then the evolution law of the rhyme with a nasal ending, the push chain in Huixian dialect and the drag chain in Linzhou dialect are all discussed.Chapter5, Abrupt final and tone of Jin dialect in north Henan. It gives a further representation of Jin dialect in north Henan on the base of Chapter4. First of all, it draws the conclusion that there’re two kinds of abrupt tones in Jin dialect in north Henan:one has abrupt rhymes and the other has abrupt tones. The impact of quantity of the finals of the abrupt rhymes and its mixed-up phenomenon on the abrupt rhymes’ evolution process has been discussed. By the same contour of tone comparision between the abrupt tone and the lax tone, the abrupt tone in Mengzhou dialect has been revealed. Four sources of present pronunciation of Jin dialect in north Henan is introduced here, such as character abrupt rhymes in middle Chinese, fore-word of split word, phonetic proclitics and lax tone character with a stop ending. Then, the Jin dialect in north Henan’s abrupt rhymes’laxing phenomenon has been given out, including lax rhyme caused by fusion and caused by the evolution of itself. And for the latter one, the details "lower the main vowels get, more easily for the stop ending drops" has been analyzed. According to Mengzhou, Xinxiang, Qixian and other three places’dialects’present pronunciation status, it comes out the laxing law and its characteristics of the Jin dialect in north Henan:1. The abrupt rhymes with voiced obstruents in middle Chinese has the most rapid laxing speed. The second is abrupt rhymes with voiced sonorants in middle Chinese. Abrupt rhymes with voiceless initials in middle Chinese is the slowest.2. Xian-Shan-Dang-Jiang rhyme groups are quicker than the Keng-Tong-Zhen-Shen rhyme groups.3. Abrupt rhymes in middle Chinese has the most rapid laxing speed.Chapter6,The "Zi"(子) Changed Finals and their Reconstruction in YuBei Dialect. Firstly, it gives the representation of relationship between changed finals and "Zi" ending and considers that mix of "Zi" ending is the cause of changed finals. Secondly,"Zi" changed finals’ using status in Jiyuan, Wuzhi, Fengquan and other two places is described and analyzed. Thirdly, the cause of "Zi" changed finals has been analyzed:1. The phonetic value of the suffix-"Zi"(子) finals taking part in the fusion of "Zi"(子) changed finals is multiple, including not only [u], but also probably [(?)], even [(?)] etc...;2. The "Zi"(子) changed finals in one dialect may be formed by the fusion of different suffix-"Zi"(子) finals;3. The suffix-"Zi"(子) finals affects the main vowel of the previous word in fusion;4. There has been some mixed rhyming between the similar "Zi"(子) changed finals throughout history;5. The "Zi"(子) changed final has had the evolution of "(?)>au" in many dialects. The paper also enumerates the application of "Zi"(子) changed finals in the Mengzhou dialect. Lastly, on the basis of peripheral dialect linguistic material this paper tries to reconstruct the development of the "Zi"(子) changed finals in the Mengzhou dialect by using the theories mentioned above.Chapter7, er diminutive and er tail of Jin dialect in north Henan. Firstly, the er diminutive phenomenon in Jin dialect in north Henan has been represented, including the distribution status of er diminutive with rolled tongue and er diminutive with flat tongue and coexist of er ending in Anyang and Tangyin and er diminutive finals. It has been given out the correspondence relationship between primary finals and er diminutive finals in Jiyuan, Wuzhi, Fengquan, Qixian and other7places by listing tables. The character of er diminutive area has been summarized and four kinds of derivative form caused by er diminutive in Jin dialect in north Henan is emphasized: change of tone caused by er diminutive, initial change caused by er diminutive, flap caused by er diminutive and medials change caused by er diminutive. It has been analyzed the reason that there comes a lagging/advanced layer in er diminutive finals in Qixian and Weihui.Then, three cases are made to represent er diminutive status in Xiuwu, Xinxiang and Anyang:First, in the Xiuwu case, the differences between er diminutive finals and "Zi" changed finals are analyzed and it comes the results that flat tongue in "Zi" changed finals can’t change into retroflex, but flat tongue in er diminutive finals tend to become rolled tongue. Second, four kinds of er diminutive finals in Xinxiang, such as er diminutive with consonant cluter, with double syllable, with initial changed and with normal kind, has been described. Explanations that change of initial consonant caused by er diminutive is given out, so is the condition and source of the appearing of flap consonant. Third, the distribution area of combined er ending and er diminutive finals in Anyang dialect is stressed. On this base, the order that shows the speed of the Chinese er diminutive finals’ formation bas been discussed and the order is:low main vowel finals with no syllabic ending(a,o,a)> finals with [-n] syllabic ending> finals with [-i] syllabic ending> finals with [-u] syllabic ending> monophthong finals with closed vowels ((?))> finals with [-η] syllabic ending. |
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