Research On The History Of Catholicism In Ordos During The Late Qing Dynasty

[Abstract] The history of Catholic missionary work during19th century to20th century in Inner Mongolia is one of the most important research projects on the study of Mongolian history in the late Qing Dynasty. The Catholic missionary work made deep impacts on the current Mongolian area, especially on Erdos place. Since1874, when preachers like Devos Alfons etc. went to Ordos and began to preach, the church forces centered around Conggregation Immaculate Cordis Mariae adjusted their strategies after being frustrated by preaching the Mongolians in their early days, then turned to preaching effectively the local Han people. The combination of this process with the modernizing course of Erdos farming appearance of that time exerted a series of influences on many fields like politics, economy and culture. There are some relevant publications about the research on the Catholicism missionary work in Ordos area, but they are all based on foreign and Chinese documents, and failed to integrate the two with great deals of local Mongolian historical data and files. This thesis is based on the Mongolian documents and materials like Files of Zhungeer Government offices, Files of Etuoke Government Offices, Files of Junwang Government offices, Files of Hangjin Government Offices collected in Inner Mongolia Archives, combining with the French historical data collected in the library of Scheut Memorial Library, Leuven University, Belgium, as well as the Chinese materials like The archives of Religious affairs and Religious cases, Files and Historical Movement of the boxer etc. This thesis tends to study systematically the social situation before and after the Catholicism introduced into Ordos, the missionary process, contradictions and conflicts, and the influences on the social productions of Mongolian banners. The dissertation contains the following four parts.The first chapter is about the situation at home and abroad when the Catholicism is introduced into Ordos. In this chapter, the author tries to present the Macro-situation and Ordos social situation before and after the Catholicism introduced into Inner Mongolia systematically, and discusses the changes of political system and economic mode of production in Erdos area during the late Qing Dynasty.The spread of Catholicism is stated in Chapter Two. In this chapter, the author expounds the preaching history of previous French Society of Jesus, Congregation of the Mission, Conggregation Immaculate Cordis Mariae, and concludes their preaching measures and features.The third chapter tells the conflicts between Mongolian banners in Ordos and Catholic Church. It sets forth the conflicts between the Catholic Church and Mongolian banners as a result of the expansion of the church forces, and explains the causes and effects of1900’Religious cases.In Chapter Four, the influences of Catholicism are introduced. The author analyzes the new development of the church forces and divine social programs it promoted in depth after1900’Religious Cases, concludes the influences of Catholicism from every aspects on Mongolian banners.