| Urbanization is the essential connotation of the modernization as well as the inevitable way to the modernization. Modernization is the general trend of the world. Countries all over the world have been trying to achieve modernization, or declare to realize modernization. And one of the most important way to measure a country’s standard of modernization is the urbanization level.The percentage of urban population in China’s total population has reached53.73in2013, which shows that china has been stepped into the fast track of urbanization. It indicates that China, a country that has thousands years of agriculture has been in the way of urbanization. The report of the18th CPC National Congress has put forward that we must keep the path of china’s new-style industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, which shows that china is about to enter a new period of urbanization.Urbanization is not equal to the rise of the amount of the city and the urban scale, nor the boom of urban population, it’s not merely means the migration, it has indeed raise the social change of the urban and rural and lead to the collision between different values and the renewal of thinking. Thus the urbanization of China has formed the grand setting of the social moral concept change. And this has become the leading factor of the process of urbanization.Instead of the growth of GDP, the broaden of street, the increase of houses and population, the substantial of urbanization is to shift human beings from poor agriculture civilization to modern industrial civilization and realize one’s mental outlook,which including the changes of the social conscious,values, literacy and interpersonal relationship. Urbanization melted the traditional rural ethics and wakens the modern urban ethics. In a word, urbanization is the procedure of the transformation from traditional rural ethics to modern urban ethics. It focuses on the changes in the new city dwellers’moral ethics.Hundreds of millions of migrant workers has been joining the city’s construction, thoroughly changing the face of China. They create a "world factory" by hard work, contributing to the shift of the world’s industrial chain. They change the face of the city, improving the city resident’s living quality and leading to the renovation in social structure between urban and rural or the internal structure of city. The change of social structure will inevitably lead to the change of moral ethics. However, in most cases, the running crowd cannot see the way forward and look back the path they’ve walked. People coerce with each other and move forward passively, it is hard to avoid trampling each other or even cause hurt. This is the right urbanization of modern China, it moves so fast that the new and old city dwellers and managers have no time to calm down their mood, clear up their mind and distinguish the direction. We unexpectedly found ourselves go through a lot of detours and stampede when we stop and turn back. All kinds of horrible problems appeared such as overconsumption of resources, over-pollution of the environment, excessive concentration of wealth. From the angle of morality, the problems existed in the rapid process of urbanization are as follows:Firstly, China chose the reform development mode of attaching importance to economy rather than politics, emphasized that development is the absolute principle, gave priority to economic development and successfully launched and implemented the transition from the planned system to market system so as to keep the rapid growth of the economy. Therefore, people’s welfare was greatly improved, fundamental changes have also taken place in the national economic strength, and the level of urbanization was greatly enhanced. China entered into a rapid development period and created a miracle in the history of human economy development. However, without the support of political reform and moral construction, pure economic construction and one-sided urbanization development path cannot sustain for a long time and will inevitably lead to the alienation of urbanization and cause a series of moral crisis and chaos, such as land requisition and demolishing, the problem of migrant workers, the urban housing problem, as well as the unfair distribution, moral decay, corruption, the loss of credit, energy depletion, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, human indifference, the loneliness and alienation of people’s spiritual world, violent clash between man and nature. Reasons for these problems are various, including material, system and management, ideological level. The solution is also diverse, but the significance of value error or correct is obvious. How to establish a set of moral value system which not only accords with the practice of China’s urbanization, fits essence demand of modernization, but also properly solves a series of problems such as the problem of development and fairness, the urban expansion and people concern issues, public power expansion and individual security problems, the transformation of economic development and moral credit system, is the key to realize the modernization transformation of Chinese city ethics, and the healthy development of the urbanization.Secondly, due to the gap of the system, new city dwellers that are mainly composed of migrant workers cannot get the identity of the city and appear disagreements on moral identity. Urban migrant workers live and work between the urban and rural areas on long-time basis. They are workers and farmers, city and countryside dwellers. They live and work in cities most of the time, bearing the most bitter, tired and dirty work in the city, maintaining the normal operation of the city. They sweat and sweat as the original but they are not able to enjoy the city public welfare as the latter. They have no medical security and endowment insurance as urban residents, their children cannot be enrolled by schools in the city, their wages are much lower than urban residents, they even cannot obtain the most basic urban household registration. They are called as "migrant workers" and faced with the dilemma for they are neither similar to the city residents nor the farmers. They become the sandwich class of dual social structure between urban and rural areas. In spite that they integrate themselves in the city in terms of economy, they are rejected in politics, culture and the city residents’identities. Consequently, it is hard for them to accept or even resist the moral concepts of the city. The inequality of dual structure between urban and rural areas impacts the moral concepts of migrant workers, which will produce the feeling of the unfairness and unjustness, the happiness index is far lower than expected. As a result, they will discontent with society, cause various social hidden danger, which is contrary to the original intention of the urbanization.The third problem is the conflict of moral concepts in transformation period. Transformation refers to the transition from traditional rural society to modern society caused by urbanization. The traditional rural society is based on acquaintance, geography and blood relationship. People are familiar with each other and closely related, they live a natural economic life that the working-day stretches from dawn to dusk, self-sufficiency, mutual help and draw on each other’s strength. The modern urban society is quite different, people are unacquainted with each other, they come from all corners of the country and most of them have no blood or genetic relationship. However, they rely on each other for public life and vocational differentiation.Still in this process, most of migrant workers suffered moral confusion, they become the vanguard of social transformation, they are accustomed of the traditional ethics they received from rural civilization based on geography and blood relationship or pursue the fast culture full of everything but any tender feelings. In fact, this crowd of people has been adjusting to the rapid development of city after being treated unfairly in many ways for many times. As time goes on, they have to give up what they had in mind and receive the moral concept from city, most of which stem from the need of survival.The fourth is how the city managers handle the ethical relationship between human and nature, between the peoples, between human and society in all respects during the process of urbanization. How to solve the problem of handling demolition during the process of urban expansion? Should and how the pets be raised in the city? What measures should be taken to deal with the problem of migrant workers? What measures should be taken to deal with the allocation of people and vehicles? How will the rights of people and vehicles be distributed according to traffic laws? How will city inspectors treat the vendors? Will the safety of urban residential areas be guaranteed by iron nets and high walls? Urban ethics is not an abstract concept. It implies all aspects in the process of urbanization.With the accelerated process of urbanization, constant changes has occurred in urban moral codes, especially for those migrant workers who represented as new urban residents, such as social ethics, family morality, profession morality, value on marriage and love, value on supporting the elders etc. The evolution of those concepts has its positive side and negative side. To the evolution of those concepts of migrant workers, we are fully aware of it and find out a scientific approach to treat it, however, we have not yet had a clear and comprehensive understanding of all, although we know it quite well, we haven’t found out a scientific countermeasure. For instance, since the adaptation of reform and opening up, the process of urbanization have been accelerated, meanwhile, the phenomenon of moral sliding is getting worse and worse. Therefore, many people have gotten a wrong idea that urbanization and marketization will lead to moral sliding and the degree of urbanization and marketization has negative correlation with morality elevation. In fact, they misunderstand it. In a word, it leaves us a lot to study the transformation of migrant worker’s moral ethics, follow the socialist core values, define and pursue a moral target in the process of urbanization so as to construct a harmonious society. In another word, the ideas we have discussed and been practiced will provide theoretical support for the new urbanization proposal which will be put forward in18th CPC National Congress. |
