| The research object of the paper is the Zuzang('葬) system of government officials who dead and were buried in Song dynasty. The mourning glory of the code is a very important part of the Zuzang system of government officials.The development, inheritance and change, go downhill of the System of the officials who dead and were buried are important content of the history of North and South Song dynasties in the10to13century.The mourning glory of government officers during their death and burial in Song dynasty, as a special kind of political system and cultural system, and incorporated into the history of the North and South Song dynasties of the interpretation of the "change" framework. And making the system and the examples together to discuss the monarch-subject relationship、 the governance principles and the funeral treatment in the history of the North and South Song dynasties. The cultural differences and changes in the history of the North and South Song dynasties are obviously, and they have been presents a trend towards inside collect and the complication."Act the role of the end" of the southern Song dynasty period behavior has been cut down to a traditional posthumous honors of a weak form, reflects the officials died and was buried in the "Act the role of the end" of the southern Song dynasty period behavior has been cut down to a traditional posthumous honors of a weak form, reflects the officials died and was buried in the North and South Song dynasties system characteristics and changes in the different place.The papers Selecting the Zuzang system of government officials who dead and were buried system as the research content, such as that of the emperor or the empress who interventioned in the funeral of some officials.The research on the system of Zuzang is a microcosmic study,such as Chuochao (辍朝),Lindian(临奠), Go into mourning in hanging white closes(挂服举哀), Tombstone top part of a tablet by the emperor(御赐碑额).Then we analyz the relationships with the emperor and his officials the treatments during the officials,and other issues were discussed. Thesis mainly consists of three parts:the first part is the introduction, is divided into selected topic origin, concept, define, research review, the literature description and thinking of writing, etc., were summarized and instructions to the problems;The second part is the body of the article, selecting the zuzang system of officials who dead and was buried, separately related due to the chuochao, lindian, go into mourning in hanging white closes and tombstone top part of a tablet by the emperor, giving a specific micro an investigation and discussion.And make an attached chapter summary of related standard system are summarized; The third part is the conclusion, mainly about the thread of thought and other problems of the Zuzang system in Song dynasty,giving the standard system for some general overview, carding and analysis. Paper detailed study of the chuochao, lindian, go into mourning in hanging white closes and tombstone top part of a tablet by the emperor, only is part of the official who dead and was buried in the North and South Song dynasties, but largely reflects the basic characteristics and change trends of the Zuzang system of officials in Song dynasty.Sdudying by the Zuzang system of the chuochao, lindian, go into mourning in hanging white closes and tombstone top part of a tablet by the emperor,we have the following knowledges or thinking.First,about the chuochao(辍朝)system during the government ofiicers’zuzang('葬):At first,we think the system of chuochao no later than the Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty in the northerm and southem period.After developing in Sui and Tang dynasties,to Song dynasty the system basic tends to be normalization and institutionalized.At second,we think the system of chuochao in Song dynasty has a more further developing,which expanded the range and type and made the special grace to become a normalization behavior.Second,about the system of going into mourning in hanging white closes(挂服举哀)：At first, we think the system of wearing white clothes for mourning in the early Northern Song dynasty is a traditional mourned ritual,but thereafter the emperor beginged hanging the white clothes for mourning,and it gradually tend to be formal.In other words,the dressing mode of the emperor in the mourning evolved into a temporary hanging cerermony.This is one of the significante changes about the mourning system of the emperor for the civil and military officials in Tang and Song Dynasties.At second,the practice of mourning by the death of the persons of Fan in the country to the civil and military officials in Northern Song dynasty,and the center of gravity of mourning gradually transferred to the behavior of symbolicly hanging the white clothes.At third,in the mourning issue,we think it has a lot of changjes in Northern Song Dynasty. On the one hand,it emphasized the mourn grade principle that only the death of the most important civil and military officials,the emperor should mourn for them.On the other hand,the emperor of Song Dynasty often mourned for the relatives special status with the special emotion.And to some slightly lower grade officer,the emperor maybe mourned for its position.In addition,the azelaic ground(壬地)of houyuan(后苑)gradually to be fixed as the place for mourning.Third,about the Lindian (临奠)system:Firstly,we think the Lindian behavior of the emperor and the queen mother more for their inner emotions and personal wishes,but not rigidly adhere to the traditional etiquette system.To Southern song dynasty,the Lindian system set out in the ritual books, but the system is no longer running,and an edict alternatived it.In other words,the ritual of mourning glory based on the respected connotation already deline became one kind formal Shizhong(饰终)initiatives. Secondly,with the party struggles and the political’s developing in late Northern Song dynasty,a lot of important civil and military officials dead of bianchu(贬死)or away the capital,after their death the emperor had no way for holding lindian ritual.And it had lack the necessary condition and political environment for implementing the lindian etiquette in early Southern Song dynasty.Thirdly,the basic principles is that some of the imperial clansman,the relatives,the generals and the prime minister,not absolutely with the grade level of officer as the basis for Lindian in Song dynasty.The officer died in the capital is the conditions precedent for Lindian,but there is no absolutely relationship whether the officers were working or retirement.Fourthly,the behavior of refusing or avoiding for the emperor’s Lindian had got a normalization developing,which both with and without stable political environment-related,but also with the wishes and feeling of the emperor and the deceased’s family,and this change had a distinct introverted nature.Fourth,about the system of the top part of a tablet coming a decision:we think it not only is the special way for testimonialsing the civil and military officials,but also is an important part of the Zuzang system of officials in Song dynasty.However,we do not think coming to a decision top of a tablet is a special regime in the Song dynasty,and just think it was a special way for testimonials and respecting the civil and military officials who dead. We further believe that the top part of a tablet coming to a decision reflects the principle of "the law of Zuzong"(祖宗之法)in Northern Song dynasty,and it’s complicted to change also reflects the other problems,such as the changes in the relationship between monar and his subjiecnts.This thesis studys four kinds Airong(哀荣)and Shizhong(饰终)system, which just the part of the Zuzang system about officials in Song dynasty,but they basicly covers the relationship of monarch and his subjectcs and the Zuzang treatment during the officials’ deathand burial,and other issues.By the preliminary combing and discussion the officials’Zuzang system,conbining the monarch and his subjects relations and the treatment during the Zuzang of officials,we give some analysis and thinking about the political changes,cultural ethos, governance principles and the other issues. |
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