Study On The Effective Supply Of Contemporary Chinese Cadre Education And Training

Education and training has always been a major way for the growth and progress of the cadres and it is also an important assurance for the contingent of highly qualified cadres. Our Party has always attached great importance to the education and training of cadres which has always been regarded as a strategic and basic task concerning the overall situation of the whole party. We have made significant achievements in the education and training of cadres but we are still facing many problems and contradictions in the same time.Taking the current supply and demand of cadres training in our country as the starting point, on the basis of the related economic theories and from the view of administrative science, the connotation and features have been studied and illustrated onto the demand of education and training of cadres and effective supply by theoretical analysis, empirical analysis and policy analysis, and the current situation of the supply and demand of cadre education and training in China has been presented, the causes have been analyzed, and the corresponding countermeasure and suggestions have been put forward in this paper.The article explains the demand and effective supply of the cadre education and training in theoretically. The cadre education and training effective supply refers to satisfing the party and national undertaking development needs in maximum, adapting and guiding cadre demands, and improving the supply efficiency continuously. And it includes three meanings at least:Firstly, the cadre education and training effective supply should consider the demand, its quantity, quality, the category structure must adapt to the needs of the party and national undertaking development, must be consistent with the cadre learning demand; Secondly, the cadre education and training effective supply should not only meet demand, and create demand; Thirdly, the cadre education and training effective supply includes the product or service effectiveness, and the efficiency of supply, namely supply of high efficiency. On the basis of clarifying the concept, the article illustrates the problems and causes through questionnaires, discussions and interviews. The major imbalance between supply and demand is that the total supply of cadre education is incompatible with the task demanded of large-scale training of cadres, the quality of cadre education is incompatible with the demand of youthful and knowledge-based official, unitaization of the training products is incompatible with the demand of diversification and individuation of cadre education, the inefficient supply of the training products is incompatible with the current situation of limited resources, and the demand of training from different districts, different levels and different kinds and structure convergence are incompatible with the requirements of the qualified cadres for the development of the cause of our Party. The root cause of these problems lies in that supply main duties dislocation has shaded the requirements of the cadres in study, institutional program in which the mandatory training mode has leded the deviation between supply and demand, and the unitary type of supply mode has restrained the supply capacity of cadre education and training. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate the internal motivation of participating in cadre education, and to make the model innovation of products supply of cadre education.According to the theory of public products, the decisive features of non-profitable and positive public attributes make the cadre education belong to public production. Meanwhile, the cadre education can help the cadres to increase their individual human capital which has shown the attributes of private products in cadre education. This kind of to-be-public product can be supplied by plural ways including the government. The new public management theory advocates the idea that to improve the working efficiency by adopting the mode of the business management in the management of government, to promote the service levels by introducing the competitive mechanism, to perfect the evaluation of administrative performance by employing the market-oriented or customer-oriented concept. This theory has provided us a theoretical basis for the reform of demand and supply system in cadre education. From the view of practical basis, the profound change of our Party’s historical orientation has provided us a political base for the reform of demand and supply system in cadre education. The historical task of large-scale official is urging us for the reform of demand and supply system of cadre education, the perfection of market economy system has provided us realistic conditions for the reform of demand and supply system of cadre education, and the progress of the administrative system reform has provided us a good opportunity for the reform of demand and supply system of cadre education. From the point of view of comparative study, the customer-oriented concept, competitive idea and market mechanism have been introduced into and popularly applied in the civil servant training in the Western countries in recent years. Series of new changes have occurred and have made successful achievements in the civil servant training. Some of these experiences can provide us some reference for the reform of supply system of cadre education in China.According to the situation and problems of cadre education supply and demand, and the experience of foreign civil service training system reforms, the idea has been put forward that the key to achieve China’s cadre education training effective supply lies in that we should motivate cadres to study, expand the effective supply of cadre education and realize the balance of supply and demand.Supply decisively affects the demand, and the demand also influences supply. To stimulate the study demand of cadres is not only the prerequisite for effective supply of cadre education but also the ensuring basis for the effective cadre education. It is necessary to innovate the mechanism of training participation by adopting the flexible way to make the cadres participate in training which can provide a self-study environment for them, to innovate the restraint mechanisms by introducing into competition to increase the internal and external pressures in cadre education, to innovate the encouragement mechanism by setting goals for what to learn to stimulate their study enthusiasm in order to make full use of what they have learned when they are selected and appointed to some posts.Products should be accepted by the consumers. The key factor is that the products should be marketable and meet the requirements of consumers. The important criterion to evaluate the supply level of cadre education is also an important indicator for training demand. In order to keep the balance of supply and demand, the concept of "Demand leading the supply, and supply guiding and meeting the demand" should be held. The traditional way that the training institutions only provide what they have and the teachers only teach what they know should be broken, the process of cadre education should be remodeled by the demand-orientation."There is no logical evidence to prove the truth that the public services must be provided by government bureaucracy. The best way out is to break the monopoly of the government and to construct a competitive environment composed of state-run and private training institutions." The nature of the products of cadre education logically decides the role in the field of cadre education under the market mechanism. By introducing into the open and competitive mechanism, appropriate market regulation favors to help change the traditional supply system which is a state-dominated and relatively-isolated system of cadre education, and to promote the allocation of resources in cadre education and training, and to perfect the services of the training institutions providing to the trainees. Owing to the political and public nature of cadre education, the introduction of the market mechanism is restricted to some extent. To promote the restricted marketization of cadre education and training, the specific way is to meet the needs of the market, to change the government functions, to establish the coexistence of plural supply system, the multi-channel funding system, the orderly competition system and the cooperative governance mechanism for cadre education and training.