| Strengthening students’ physique is the essential function of school physical education. The policy ofensuring one hour of sporting time for the students which was proposed in the1950s has evolved from aprevious governmental document into a national statute. Our country’s educational theory has attainedmany achievements in more than sixty years of reformation process， especially since the reform andopening policy was adopted. However，the status quo of basic education did not undergo fundamental orthorough changes. The concept of "school entrance" gives rise to many problems. School educationemphasizes only the mastery of knowledge and ignores the cultivation of other capabilities. With thesubsequent eight times of reforms in the theories of physical education，the speculation still lingers in theconflict between theory and reality，and the physique of young students become a protruding question. Thishighlights the severe crispness of basic education and the extreme marginalization of extracurricularactivities. The situation of backward research in the theories of physical education looms large with thepoverty of theoretical construction of physical education. It is more urgent for us to elevate the theoreticalresearch with regard to the status quo of further developing and reforming Chinese school extracurricularactivities of sports.The theoretical significance lies in that，first，to correct the conceptual deviation that extracurricularactivity is the continued extension and complementation of PE classes; to correct the bias of subjectiveappeal that the realization of the values of school sports mainly or completely lies in sports class andteaching activities; to develop the theories of extracurricular activities and to enrich the theories of schools’extracurricular activities. The practical significance is contributing to and guiding the harmonious，healthyand stable development of physical education of Chinese school’s sport education.The basic line of this research is to start with combing through history， based on the interpretation ofimportant theories of foreign countries， to distinguish the differences between theoretical foundations andcultural traditions， and between the source and flow of theoretical development; with regard to the statusquo of introducing modern extracurricular sports activities into schools or the tendency of overseasdevelopment, to tap the deviations of contradictions，problems and cognition as well as analysis in the concepts and influential factors of extracurricular activities of modern schools of China. Further it is toprobe into the negative effects upon the process of practice， thus constituting the theoretical model ofextracurricular activities of Chinese schools.The major approaches of this dissertation are historical approach， documentary research andinvestigation method as well as logical method.The main contents of this research include:Chapter One first defines and illustrates the connotation of the concepts of extracurricular activities,extracurricular sports activities, and school’s extracurricular sports activities from the aspects of nature andscope etc. Then this part interprets respectively the reasons why this dissertation chooses the researchfields of "stage of basic education","extracurricular sports activities", school’s extracurricular activitiesand theories of school’s extracurricular activities etc.Chapter Two first of all traces the historic veins by dividing the history of evolution andtransformation of theory of sports of China into three stages with the founding of New China as thedividing line since the modern times. Then this part briefly summarizes the relatively more influentialtheories of school’s extracurricular activities, such as John Dewe’s positivist theory of activity， and thetheories of the school’s extracurricular sports activities of E.K. Fretwell, the father of Americanextracurricular activities as well as the effects of American "the third class" theory upon the extracurricularactivities after World War Two. The last part will compare the differences between the theories of Chineseschool’s extracurricular sports activities and foreign theories in this view, which manifests in thedifferences in terms of source and flow, basic theories of education and cultural traditions that nourish thebirth of theories etc.Chapter Three selectively analyses certain problems existing in the modern theories of Chineseschool’s extracurricular sports activities, such as the mistake that replaces education with teaching, and theinfluences from the political ideology after the founding of new China leading to the deviation of cognitionand analysis of problems. After reform， along with the great progress in basic education， thecontradictions and problems in terms of theory are increasingly prominent; there have been major problemslike value appeals that has been existing in the relationship between "activities of teaching programs" and"extracurricular sports activities". Chapter Four takes into considerations the negative influences upon the practice of sports education,by targeting certain passive practices in extracurricular sports activities of Chinese schools: like, thenumber of gold medals increases all the time， the physique of students are declining all the time; thequantitative and qualitative losses of school sports，and the absence of sports in the evaluation of schoolsport and national entrance examination; building up body replacing keeping fit， competitive sportscovering the deviations of sports; the lack of supervising and monitoring system on sports from the society;the poor performance of governmental agencies etc.Chapter Five takes it its mission to constitute a basic picture of theory for extracurricular activities ofChinese schools in terms of the theoretical basis of extracurricular activities of Chinese schools，the modernfeatures of extracurricular activities and primary extracurricular activities of schools differentiated fromsecondary ones. Based on the basic theoretic framework, this part proposes the theoretical system andstrategy implemented and guided by extracurricular sports activities of modern schools of China. This partis specifically illustrated from two aspects: for one thing， the construction of target system ofextracurricular sports activities of modern schools; for another，the organization and management，including，the basic principles of extracurricular sports activities that are self-organization-oriented， andthe organization and management system that takes principals and headmasters as the first in charge; theinspection and guidance from the executive agencies of education， and governmental inspectionalagencies， as well as the examination and evaluation from the administrative agencies of education，inspectional agencies of governments， social professional evaluating agencies on all levels. The strategiesto implement are: correctly master the concepts of school’s extracurricular activities, guiding thoughts aswell as values’ orientation; strengthen the supervision and accountability of local governments; strengthenthe training of sport abilities of the person responsible, improve the mechanism of systematic security, andthe system of inspection and examination of multiple concerns and joint participation and mutualmanagement.The main conclusion of this study is as follows: the concept of Chinese school’s extracurricular sportsactivities is biased and the research in this field is backward; the differentiation between source and flowestranged the transplant of theories; the definition of concepts vary from person to person in terms of standards; the inertia of traditional thinking becomes a strong hindrance against practice; the defection oftheory leads to deterioration of practice; theoretical construction needs to be integrated with practice.Last but not least, this dissertation makes a complementary analysis and discussion on a couple ofimportant modes that are far-reaching with great potentials, which are relevant to the theoreticaldevelopment of school’s extracurricular sports activities. |
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