Multiple Interactions Among The Rural Residents, Central And Local Government In The Rural Old-age Social Insurance System Changes

The21st century is the century of population aging. Affected by the economic development, demographic change and the improvement of the medical treatment and people’s living standards, the problem of our country’s population aging has more serious since2000, when entered the aging society.There are more than half of Chinese in China’s rural area. With the acceleration of urbanization, more and more young peasants pour into towns. Empty nest and only-child-lose aging people increase, which makes more aging people in rural area than in towns. The rapid spped and high degree of population aging in rural area not only add the support pressure, but may bring many risks to social stability."The rural population aging crisis of our country is mainly from two aspects:one is the natural process of social change, the other is the mechanical changes, which caused by the population floating.(Tang Jun,2009)."①So, the peasants have much more need of old-age social insurance system.The rural old-age social insurance system should play a role of social stabilizer based on ensuring the basic life of rural residents, which means that it should make sure the security of rural residents on the material, while resolve the pension crisis affecting the economic and social stability. The process of rural old-age social insurance system in China has experienced two stages:the first stage is the old rural old-age social insurance led by the Ministry of Civil Affairs; the second stage is the new rural old-age social insurance made by the central government, organized and implemented by the local human resources and social security departments.In the old rural old-age social insurance, the the insured persons’pension was form individual and village collective, which is two-support pension system. Compared with the old rural old-age social insurance, the new rural old-age social insurance adds the government financial subsidy, which is the zero-support given to rural residents. The new rural old-age social insurance with multi-support is a new breakthrough, and a important step to establish and improve the multi-support old-age security system. However, many problems still exist in the process, for example, the low deduction level, low the ratio of young rural residents, low pension replacement rate, lack of sustainable dynamical mechanism and so on.Therefore, this paper discussed the changing relationship among the rural residents, central and local government in the rural old-age social insurance system by the qualitative method and from the interactive perspective, to find out the causes of problems and put forward the suggestions and development trend. It had five aspects of core views in this paper:First, the author redefined the old-age social insurance and rural old-age social insurance. The old-age social insurance, which is based on national legislation, is funded by the insurants or stakeholders, insurants’ units and government to ensure the insurants’ basic living needs when they out of the work lives. The rural old-age social insurance, which is devoted to the rural residents, is organized and impled by the government, and funded by the insurants, collectivities and government to satisfy the rural residents’ basic living needs when they out of work. This definition embods the "social" and "insurance", and is more adapt to the new situation of the economic development and social transformation in China.Second, put forward the framework of the main body of institutional change in interaction theory. According to Hayek, North’s theory of institutional change and multi pillar theory summary refines the main institutional change theory applied in this paper in the interactive. Using this theoretical framework respectively analysis of the new agricultural farmer and central, local and farmers and interaction in the process of institutional change, as well as the central and local interaction, as a whole and local farmers and farmers as a whole with central interaction. Through the multiple interactive analysis of institutional changes in the main problems and causes, exist in the system.Third, analysis of the interaction of farmer insurance central, local and farmers in the institutional change. Evolution of farmer insurance system experience build, development and process of stagnation. In this process, the central to achieve the goal of harmonious society and the establishment of the insurance system, but due to "personal payment" and "collective allowance" financing, the central merely set the system framework, without subsidies, make the system less attractive, leading to the farmers’insurance was not high enthusiasm. Therefore, the central task facing pressure, where only forced to take the command mode to enable farmers to the insured, to reach its goal of "chase performance". Due to security level of farmer insurance system was low, the payment source of instability and the value of the fund was difficult, the pension needs of farmers are not met, the unbalance of system supply and demand. The interaction between the central, local and fanners in farmer insurance system was unable to continue, stop.Fourth, analysis of the new agricultural multi interaction, the local government and Farmers Insurance Center in institutional change. Change process of new agricultural insurance system has undergone a process of exploration, based on the development of. In this process, the central to achieve the maximal social harmony of interests, the interests of farmers participating by way of attracting, increases in government funds of endowment insurance financing, using " individual pay cost, multi pillar financing structure of collective grants and government subsidies", make the system itself has the attraction. In the central policy guidance, place according to the actual situation and actively explore new agricultural insurance financing, payment and operation way, local government subsidies to farmers, so as to achieve the purpose of "chase performance". When the central government has sufficient financial capacity to subsidize the insured farmers, through policy advocacy and benefit induction, make the farmer consciousness to the insurance can get benefits and voluntary insurance. The new system of agricultural insurance supply and demand to reach consensus, make the system sustainable development.Fifth, the concept of the future development trend of rural social insurance. The establishment of a new system of agricultural insurance was an important step towards establishing the integration of urban and rural social endowment insurance system in China. However, the new system of agricultural insurance for old-age security level and the city social endowment insurance system for old-age security level there was a big gap between, this was the new agricultural present insurance system itself can not solve the problem, so the new agricultural insurance system covering the whole country after the finished stage "mission it". The prospect of the future of China’s social pension insurance system, the coverage of the country’s "basic pension+supplementary pension" social endowment insurance operation mode can make the system while giving consideration to fairness and efficiency. Among them, the government provides basic pension, in order to protect the "basic level" as the standard, so that all workers can enjoy basic treatment was probably consistent are out of work life after. Linked to the work performance of supplementary pension and individual, pay more, value through the effective operation of the fund. Social endowment insurance system for the establishment of a unified universal coverage in this mode became effective, equitable and sustainable.