Study On The Degree Of Leisure Agriculture Agglomeration In The Suburbs Of Cities

With the increase of income and spare time of residents, as well as the transformation of agricultural model and improve of rural infrastructure, the demand of leisure agriculture of urban residents began to rise. Now, leisure agriculture in our country has entered a stage of rapid development, showing the trend of agglomeration in space. In the previous research, the study of leisure agriculture in our country is mostly about the summary of the problems, lag behind the practice development and lack the forward-looking guidance. At the same time, the present research on agglomeration is mainly in the industrial field, as the research on leisure agriculture agglomeration is basically in a blank state. Although leisure agriculture agglomeration has many good effects, such as reduce costs, improve utility, increase employment opportunities, beneficial to the further research, and promote economic development. But according to Hoover’s optimal scale of industrial agglomeration theory, and research conclusions about the agglomeration effect in the field of manufacturing industry and circulation industry, leisure agriculture agglomeration may also make negative effect.Based on these backgrounds, this thesis is mainly concerned with:what is the current situation and characteristics of leisure agriculture agglomeration in china? In considering the spatial effect, what are the inherent mechanism and influence factors of leisure agriculture agglomeration? In the view of the balance of supply and demand, what is the appropriate extent for leisure agriculture agglomeration in the suburbs of cities? In order to solve the three problems, the main research objects and contents of this thesis are:(1) A measurement and analysis of leisure agriculture agglomeration, which is to provide the basis for the subsequent research.(2) The theory analysis and empirical inspection of formation mechanism and influencing factors of leisure agriculture agglomeration.(3) Spatial correlation test and analysis of leisure agriculture agglomeration.(4) Discussion on the theory about the degree of leisure agriculture agglomeration in the suburbs of cities, and build a model to practical application.The dissertation contains eight parts. Chapter one: Introduction. Introduce the research background, the questions, elaborated the research significance, research objectives, research methods, data sources and technical route, and summarized possible innovations and deficiencies. Chapter two:Theoretical basis and literature review. Make a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and theory of leisure agriculture agglomeration, and put forward the starting point of this research, and explains the basic concepts and definition. Chapter three:The measurement and analysis of leisure agriculture agglomeration. Analyzed the current development situation of leisure agriculture agglomeration in china, and then compared Concentration Ration of Industry, Herfindahl Index, Space Gini coefficient, E-G Index, Location Quotient and θi index. Considering the availability of data and unified caliber, this thesis choose Location Quotient and θi index to measure and analysis leisure agriculture agglomeration degree at the national provincial level and jiangsu province and county level. Conclusion confirms the existence of leisure agriculture agglomeration. Chapter four:Analysis of the theory of leisure agriculture agglomeration. Based on the theory of new economic geography, this thesis constructs a theory analysis framework of leisure agriculture agglomeration, and researches its inherent mechanism, influence factors of leisure agriculture agglomeration and the agglomeration effect. And make theoretical discussion about the rational agglomeration degree in the background of the leisure agriculture projects mainly concentrated in the suburbs of cities. Chapter five:Inspection and analysis of spatial correlation of leisure agriculture agglomeration. According to the theory and analysis methods of spatial econometrics, the chapter makes an inspection and analysis of spatial correlation of leisure agriculture agglomeration through the Moran’s I index, Moran plot and local spatial linkage spatial correlation index LISA. The conclusion is that leisure agriculture agglomeration has significant positive spatial correlation. This laid the foundation for the following research. Chapter six:Analysis of the influence factors of leisure agriculture agglomeration based on spatial econometric model. Based on previous research, this chapter makes the empirical study of the influence factors of leisure agriculture agglomeration by spatial lag panel data model and spatial durbin model. Chapter seven:The empirical study of the rational degree of leisure agriculture agglomeration in the suburbs of cities. This chapter builds a theory model to analysis the rational degree of leisure agriculture agglomeration in the suburbs of cities under different assumptions. This chapter also makes a case study of Nanjing, analyze the spatial structure of leisure agriculture development in Nanjing, and finally calculate the rational degree of leisure agriculture agglomeration in the suburbs of Nanjing. Chapter eight:Conclusions and policy recommendations. This chapter gives a summary of the contents of each chapter, and put forward the corresponding policy recommendations and further research directions.The main conclusions of the thesis are:(1) Based on the location quotient and θi index showed that, the leisure agriculture agglomeration phenomenon is obvious. Whether at the national level or the county level of Jiangsu Province, the leisure agriculture agglomeration degree is overall very high. But in Jiangsu Province, from2009to2011the degree showed a downward trend, leisure agriculture tends to be uniform distribution. From the relative point of view, Sichuan Province, Beijing city and Shanghai cite are the highest degree area of leisure agriculture agglomeration. The surrounding of Nanjing, Yangzhou, Suzhou, Zhenjiang city, has been the highest degree areas of leisure agriculture agglomeration. Although the degree of leisure agriculture agglomeration in most parts of North Jiangsu is the minimum, but with the rapid development, the degree improves constantly.(2) Leisure agriculture agglomeration in China is driven by the market demand and the relative return rate of leisure agriculture, and Caused by the leisure agricultural multi-functionality and cumulative effect. Market size, transportation, tourism, agricultural resources, government policy and spatial spillover effect are the main factors of affecting the leisure agriculture agglomeration. Although leisure agriculture agglomeration will play a good effect on the enterprises, consumers, farmers, government and scholars, leisure agriculture agglomeration may also make negative effect, such as traffic congestion, environment pressures, and social tensions and reduce the attraction for visitors. In the thesis, the degree of leisure agriculture agglomeration in the suburbs of cities has two meanings, which are "Total demand fit" and "internal coordination"."Total demand fit" means the degree of leisure agriculture agglomeration in the suburbs of cities should to be identical with the needs of economic development."Internal coordination" means projects in the leisure agriculture agglomeration should find their own optimal size, input optimization and make the development of coordination.(3)Spatial correlation test and analysis results show that, leisure agriculture agglomeration has significant positive spatial correlation in China. With the increase of distance, the spatial correlation decreases. The effect of Leisure agriculture agglomeration in counties of Jiangsu Province is within180km. Local spatial differences in leisure agriculture agglomeration is also very obvious. Beijing City, Tianjin city, Shanghai City, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Hubei province and Yunnan province are hot region areas of leisure agricultural agglomeration in China. The suburbs of Nanjing and the Lishui County are leader of leisure agriculture development in Jiangsu province, has a positive and strong spillover effect on the surrounding area.(4)By fully considering the space effect, the results of the empirical analysis of spatial econometric models display:Market size, transportation and tourism have a significant positive effect to leisure agriculture agglomeration. Human resource factors of agricultural resources also have a significantly positive effect to leisure agriculture agglomeration. Gross output value has a negative correlation with leisure agriculture agglomeration; this also proves that agglomeration in a certain region is not due to factor endowment advantage. At the same time, further analyses based on spatial Durbin model suggest that:Variables of market size, traffic condition and tourism have effect to leisure agriculture agglomeration not only to local areas but also to adjacent areas. But apart from the per capita disposable income of urban residents, indirect effects of other variables are not significant. It also shows localization of leisure agriculture:that the main visitors and practitioners are from the local.(5) In the hypothetical conditions, estimates of the gravity model shows that, population of urban residents, per capita disposable income of urban residents and land area of leisure agriculture have a significant positive effect to the number of tourists. But the distance factor in this study also showed a positive effect. This is because although the number of leisure agricultural projects in the overall distribution in the suburbs cities showing the distance attenuation trend, the number of leisure agriculture projects increased in the distance from the center of the range of30km,reaching a peak began to fall. Considering spatial effect, the temporal gravity model estimation results show, although the population of urban residents and per capita disposable income in adjacent areas can amount to the region’s agricultural leisure tourists, existed spatial spillover effect, but the overall effect is not significant. When In the prediction of leisure agriculture tourists, especially for the big city suburb, we could not consider the impact of adjacent areas. Analysis and model estimation results of Nanjing leisure agriculture show, leisure agriculture projects have a further development space in suburbs of Nanjing.Through the above analysis, this thesis puts forward five policy suggestions for leisure agriculture agglomeration development, mainly includes:Firstly, study on leisure agriculture agglomeration deepening, guide its development with scientific methods. Secondly, to improve the management mechanism and support system, and completes the data statistics. Thirdly, when guiding leisure agriculture agglomeration, governments should consider the surrounding areas, make the development matches market demand. Fourthly, increase supportive strength of policy and financial, optimizing the environment for the development of leisure agriculture agglomeration. Fifth, coordinate relationships of local farmers and business capital, the interests of the farmers is the most important.