Research On Dynamic Poverty In Rural Areas From A Life Course Perspective

Research for dynamic poverty is a hot-point and frontier in the poverty field, which has been highly valued by domestic and foreign experts. The dynamic poverty research is still in its infancy in China, and most of the academics use a quantitative approach for panel data study. This research method can only analyze data for a short time, so dynamic poverty quantitative research is subject to certain limitations. Because rural poverty has been the core and focus research areas of poverty, this research will focused on rural dynamic poverty. As the research data,52farmer’s personal life history in Yanchi County were collected, which can avoid the limitations of quantitative research data; the farmer’s life trajectory has been divided into smooth, wavy and ladder track type by qualitative research methods. In the study of the theory, this paper analysis the life course theory formation process on farmers’ life trajectory and poverty fluctuation. To make a long story short, through the study of a village fanner life history to reveal the formation mechanism of dynamic China’s rural poverty.From the process and reasons of smooth trajectory of farmer’s life, the smooth life trajectory is divided into three types:smooth rise, smooth level and smooth descent. First of all, with a smooth rise the life trajectory of farmers to adjust business strategy according to the situation of positive development of society, and the use of social network and personal initiative to maintain its revenue model stability, at the same time, to avoid the risk of social and family band; Secondly, having a smooth horizontal life trajectory of farmer standard of living is divided into two states:non poverty and poverty. After the non poor households got rid of poverty, they can’t avoid risk and burden which was brought by social changes. The adaptability to the social development and individual initiative keep their non poverty. While the long-term poor farmers lack the ability of making their life trajectory development, but their living standards were able to remain unchanged by the protection of their family and social resources. Finally, with a smooth decline the life trajectory of farmers which were unable to get the income growth effect from the social economic development by the confinement of the restriction effect and the cumulative effect, and also confined their individual initiative.From the process and reasons of wave trajectory of farmer’s life, wave type life trajectory is divided into three types:ascending wave, horizontal wave and wave decreased. First of all, with ascending wave type life trajectory of farmers can minimise risks and get up the momentum of development by effectively respond to emergencies and frequent changed their income model. When they plunged into poverty, they can get rid of the poverty by using their social networks and personal initiative and adapt to the social economic development situation. Secondly, Athough with the horizontal wave type life of farmers repeatedly fall into poverty by the effect of consumer and business risk, but they can Successful get rid of the poverty by catching the opportunities from the social economic development and using the individual initiative, and keep their living level stable by using the family network relationship. Finally, with wave decline type life of farmers were easily affected by social change, they were loaded down with family responsibilities, and they can not make their families income pattern remain at a relatively high level by full using thire social network and personal initiative. It leads to the formation of wave decline type life trajectory by lacking strong support of family network relationship.From the process and reasons of ladder type life of farmers, the ladder type life trajectory is divided into two types:single step down and multi stepped down. First of all, with single step down type life of farmers’ living level plunged by effection of single event and multiple event within a short period of time, their personal initiative was limited, and their social networks can’t provide strong support, then it lead them into poverty, it is difficult to recover, and they kept poverty for a long time. Finally, multi stepped down life trajectory of the farmer’s living standard appeared phase declined, they went to the depths of poverty step by step. Ultimately, they kept long-term poverty. The causes of poverty were personal reasons and social change reasons. The interaction effect of social change, social network and personal initiative were conditioned by the vulnerability of the family itself, and their development trend of smooth level can only be divided into stages, it can not provide lift to those in front.Through the analysis of forming process on farmer’s life trajectory and poverty fluctuation, this research suggests that the formation of dynamic poverty is the result of social change and social network and personal initiative of the mutual construction, the conclusion has broken the structuralism and individualism of two opposite situation. In the rapidly changing rural society, the coexistence of positive factors and restrictive factors, in the light of its general trend to farmers if they can make the right choice, and the effective use of social network and personal initiative, will stay away from poverty or get rid of poverty, otherwise, will fall into the poverty trap.