A Study On The Poverty Group In Xi'an Based On The Quality Of Life

Urban poverty is a worldwide outstanding issue, since the 1990s, the transformation of China’s social and economic had begun, along with the adjustment of economic structure, the reform of state-owned enterprises, the change of employment system, the loosening of household management, a large number of new urban poor has emerged in China. Xi’an is the most economically developed city in Northwest, after entering the social and economic transition, a large number of laid-off workers, rural and urban population, serving low-income and unemployed person has been formed to expand the scale of the urban poor, urban poverty is getting worse. Urban poor groups not only have low income, in many other aspects, such as housing, facilities, participation in social activities, are also at a disadvantage. Based on the preliminary findings of the task force members, this article summarizes the spatial characteristics of income poverty in Xi’an, select typical areas of new urban poverty and new urban poor groups for the study, and in-depth interviews with the research community, make further analysis for the urban poor based on the quality of life.In this paper, the author use the FGT index to analyze income poverty of the main city; descriptive statistics, AF multidimensional measurement method to objectively evaluate multiple dimensions of poor education, employment, housing and other poverty, and compare the characteristics of each typical poor area. Methods of semantic differential, association network and TOPSIS are separately used to analyze self-awareness of living conditions, life experience and life satisfaction. At last the author analyzes the reasons for formation of the poor living conditions and proposes targeted improvement measures. The main conclusions are as follow:Firstly, phenomenon of spatial location of income poverty is remarkable in Xi’an. The poor areas are mainly coupled with areas relatively late development, urban-rural suburban fringe areas, the recession of inner city areas, villages and the old industrial areas, which are relatively vulnerable. As the most economically developed city in Northwest region, which has the similar location features about urban poverty with the foreign cities, and the same findings with the eastern coastal city of Guangzhou, Nanjing in China.Secondly, the poor are in condition of multiple deprivations, and phenomenon of multidimensional poverty is serious. For the poor, the proportion of deprivation in housing, household durables, water, health, and other living facilities, settlements, public facilities, recreational activities and other aspects is high. Using AF method to measure multidimensional poverty, it is found that the multidimensional poverty index is higher, when the dimension is 1, the incidence of poverty up to 0.9472; a lot of poor people are in the state of deprivation in any dimension. Housing, education and vocation have the largest contribution to multidimensional poverty index, they are major factors that cause poverty for the poor, while the contribution of environment and sanitation are relatively small.Thirdly, for the poor, the perception of the poor is weak, subjective life satisfaction is not high, life experience is tend to be negative. On sensing imagery, the poor think that security, living area, lighting conditions, neighborhood relations, travel traffic are relatively good; but sanitation, surrounding facilities and buildings are relatively bad. On life experience, it tends to be negative; the poor are mainly dissatisfied with the living and working conditions, salary levels, and satisfaction is mainly closed to relationship with neighbors, traffic conditions and other factors. On subjective satisfaction, the indexes are still far from optimal state. Study found that many of the poor have low cognitive ability for their own poor living conditions, and it shows that objective facts do not conform to subjective perception.Fourthly, for different typical poor district, the quality of life and the poor exist some differences, which should be concerned about for the relevant departments to formulate policies of poverty alleviation. On the poor, the degradation of the state-owned industrial area (Street Office Fangzhicheng) are mainly elder laid-off workers and retired workers from the local town; marginalized inner-city areas (Street Office Jiefangmen) are mainly local non-agricultural, low education, unskilled workers and retirees, the proportion of unemployed is outstanding; migrants inhabited villages (Street Office Yuhuazhai) are mainly remote residence, services and workers, the proportion of highly educated young is outstanding; ruins of protected areas (Street Office Liucunpu) are mainly low-educated workers and local agricultural, the proportion of unemployed young is outstanding. Comparison, the most serious areas of multidimensional poverty are Old Town Recession Zone (Street Office Jiefangmen) and Floating Population Villages (Street Office Yuhuazhai), which are followed by the Ruins of Protected Areas(Street Office Liucunpu), and the degradation of the old state-owned industrial area(Street Office Fangzhicheng)is relatively the lightest region.Fifthly, for the poor, the formation mechanism of living conditions is the long-term interaction with each other including the external factors, their internal conditions and self-cognition. Deficiencies and changes in the system push many people close to the edge of poverty or near poverty; their lower comprehensive abilities make it difficult to adapt the fierce competition on re-market economy, over time, they step into poverty or deep poverty; cognitive errors and old negative ideas prompt the poor reluctant to fight poverty, the status quo, making it difficult to get out of poverty. In developing countermeasures to improve the living conditions of the poor, it is fundamental to improve their own competitiveness; it is supplemented to improve the minimum living security system and the social assistance system; it is supporting to optimize the function of the community.