Spatial Impacts Of Technological Progress And Economic Growth On Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Carbon dioxide emissions is not only a global issue,but also a regional and industrial problem.It means that only the carbon dioxide emissions problem discussed in a specific spatial dimension and relations can we get more valuable research results.The traditional researches indicate that spatial individuals are independent from each other and there are no any interconnections between them.These rearches always discuss the quantity relationships between technological progress,economic growth,and carbon dioxide emissions from the global and time perspectives,and ignore the importance of the spatial elements with covering up the heterogeneity of inner relationships caused by the interdependence and mutual influences between the spatial individuals.In fact,due to the existence of spatial interdependence,the spatial spillover character of economic activities can be reflected effectively.Based on the understanding of space effect,this paper focuses on exploring the spillover impacts of technological progress and economic growth on energy carbon dioxide emissions in different spatial dimensions,especially for the individuals' heterogeneity spillvoer impacts,instead of using the traditional method to explore the relationships among the technological progress,economic growth,and carbon dioxide emissions from the global and time perspectives.In theory,firstly,this paper defined the concepts of space and spatial spillover,respectively.Based on the previous research,the concept of space was defined as the boundry and the range formed by it which are needed by economic activities in this paper.This definition not only covers the connotation of space in spatial economics,but also makes a reasonable explanation for the spatial relationships among different industries,corporations,and individuals,and so on,in industrial economics and microeconomics.The definition of spatial spillover is refered to the external impacts of the economic activities and behaviors across their border and scope,which must be built based on the specific relations,such as geographical,economic,or organizational links.Secondly,from the theoretical perspectives of international economics,spatial economics,and industrial economics,this paper stated the theoretical mechanism of the environmental spillover impacts caused by the technological progress and economic growth in different spatial dimensions.Finally,this paper also constructed the semi-parametric spatial vector autoregression model and global vector autoregressive model,and then defined the spatial impulse response function with offering its estimation processes.By these ways,the instrumental problems for exploring the spatial spillover impacts of technological progress and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions have been solved.In the empirical research,this paper systematically depicted the spatial statistical properties of carbon dioxide emissions from the global,regional,and industrial perspectives.Then it mainly focused on exploring the spatial spillover impacts of technological progress and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions,and obtained the following results.This paper explored the spatial autocorrelation,agglomeration character and convergence condition for carbon dioxide emissions in 154 countries worldwide,Chinese 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities),and 26 industries of Chinese industrial sector,respectively.The results show that:(1)The spatial autocorrelation of grobal carbon dioxide emissions shows a downward tendency in general,but the local regions exhibits the spatial agglomeration character.Especially,China,Russia,and US-Canada are considered as the three "poles" of carbon dioxide emissions in this world,which present different spatial distribution patterns.(2)The spatial autocorrelation of carbon dioxide emissions between Chinese provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)presents a upward tendency generally.Meanwhile,the spatial agglomeration of hot and cold spots presents the spatial character that the stepped block distribution form is from the east to west in China.And it is noteworthy that the distribution of carbon dioxide emissions in Beijing and Tianjin and their surrounding areas presents a geographical feature like a basin,which,to some extent,supports the existence of "carbon leakage" phenomenon during the development of regional economy.(3)Although there is a slight downward trend,the carbon dioxide emissions of 26 industries in China exhibits strong spatial autocorrelation,which indicates that the industrial association characteristics of carbon emissions are very prominent.Meanwhile,as the convergence test results of carbon dioxide emissions shows,there are both local ?convergence and absolute ? convergence in the low-emission industry group;the middle-emission industry group presents the trend of ? convergence to some extent without the absolute ? convergence;and both the overall group of 26 industries and high-emission industry group preset neither ? convergence nor absolute ?convergence.In respect to the global spatial dimension,with the data from 1965 to 2011,this paper built a GVAR model of 33 major countries in the world,and focused on the spatial impacts of Chinese carbon dioxide emissions from the economic growth,technological progress,energy consumption in USA,Eurozone,Japan,India and Korea.The results indicate that:(1)the economic growth of Eurozone,USA,Japan and Korea helps reduce Chinese carbon dioxide emissions in the short term,while the growth of those countries initiates the carbon dioxide emissions of China in the long term;(2)the technological progress of USA,Eurozone,Japan,India and Korea presents a significant spillover effects for the reduction of Chinese carbon dioxide;(3)the "carbon leakage" effects of USA,Eurozone,Japan,India and Korea are significant,which adds fuel to the carbon dioxide emissions of China to some extent.In respect to the regional(Chinese 30 provinces and cities)spatial dimension,with the data from 1998-2012,this paper built the vector autoregression empirical research model with the spatial semi-parameter structure.And by using Pan-Pearl River Delta(PPRD)region as an example,this paper explored the mutual spatial impacts between the technological progress and economic growth in Guangdong province and the carbon dioxide emissions intensity and per capita carbon dioxide emissions of its neighbor provinces.The research results show that:(1)the technological progress in Guangdong province do not have the reduction effects of spillover on the carbon dioxide emissions level(carbon dioxide emissions intensity and per capita carbon dioxide emissions)for Guangxi,Guizhou and Yunnan provinces.That means the technological progress of Guangdong province not only have no reduction effects of spillover for its neighbors at the economic level,but also at the environmental level;(2)to varying degrees,economic growth in Guangdong province can not only produce the spillover growth to Guangxi,Guizhou,and Yunnan provinces,but also produce the spillover reduction of carbon dioxide emissions for those regions at the economic level,but not at the environmental level.In respect to the industrial spatial dimension,with the data of 6 industries in China from 1998?2012,through using the spatial panel data durbin model and the semi-parameter spatial vector autoregression,this paper explored the spillover impacts of industrial technologicaly progress and economic output scale on carbon dioxide emissions reduction,from both the overall and the partial perspectives.The research results indicate that:(1)the results from overall perspectives show that industiral technologicaly progress can make contribution to carbon dioxide abatement directly,and its spillover effects also can lead to the reduction of crabon dioxide for other industries.Meanwhile,the economic output scale can not only lead to the carbon dioxide emissions of industry itself,but also promote carbon dioxide emissions of related industries at the same time,which means the spillovers of industrical economic output have augment effects on carbon dioxide emissions;(2)the results from partial perspective show that the spillover effects of technological progress of electronic information industry can make contribution to the carbon reduction of equipment manufacturing industry,light and textile industry,and petrochemical industry,while these effects are not significant for the iron and steel industry,and ferrous metals industry.It also shows that the economic output scale spillover effects of electronic information industry can make contribution to the carbon reduction of equipment manufacturing industry,light and textile industry,while these effects are not significant for the iron and steel industry,feiroous metals industry,and petrochemical industry.Finally,based on the findings of this research,combined with the reality of China's economic development,the relative emissions reduction policies of different spatial dimensions are summarized and put forward.