Research On PM_2.5 Control And Its Impact On Economy In The Perspective Of Coordinated Development Of Jing-Jin-Ji Region

PM_2.5,the main pollution components of current air pollution in China,the legal status of which has been determined by Chinese government for only 5 years,has quickly become one of the most popular topics for its destructive,involving wide crowd,difficult to control.In fact,according to the monitoring result of 74 major cities' s air quality in China,there are only three cities achieved the second grade of National Air qulity Guideline,released by China's environmental protection department in 2013.There are no cities in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei region achieved the level,yet.Because PM_2.5 is harmful to the health,long-term exposure to PM_2.5 > 35 ?g/m3 in the air will make death rate be increased by 15% compared with AQG level.Many studies have proved that haze has brought huge health and economic costs to China.The World Bank?2016?found that air pollution brings direct economic losses to China,which accounted for 10% of GDP.It can be seen that the rapid development of the economy is based on the destruction of the environment and the health of people.Jing-Jin-Ji region is China's most polluted areas.According to the latest pollution monitoring data in 2016,the PM_2.5 average concentration is about 71 ?g/m3 in the region,more than two times of WHO IT-1 level.Since Jing-Jin-Ji region,embracing the national capital,a metropolis as well as the largest industrial province of the north,its green development is very important to the whole China.The purpose of this paper is through the analysis of the causes of haze pollution in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region,study the relationship between the regional pollution and economic development,and the influence of air pollution on the welfare of residents,to discuss the measures for coordinated treatment of smog within Jing-Jin-Ji region,and simulate pollution control effect and the impact on economy of those control measures.For this,this paper launches the research from the following aspects:First of all,this study summarizes the main causes of haze in Jing-Jin-Ji region into three aspects:?1?The rapid economic development went along with coal dominated energy consumption structure and heavy industry dominated industrial structure,what's more,the rapid expansion of traffic is the economic reasons for haze.?2?The capital advantage of Beijing and the metropolitan advantage of Tianjin brought about resource agglomeration and lead to the siphone action of Beijing and Tianjin on Hebei province and exaggerate the gap between Hebei and Beijing,Tianjin.?3?Since Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei province are in the same atmospheric environment,the pollution situation will affect each other;what's more,climate and geographical conditions that are go against the spread of pollutants.Second,in order to study the relationship between economy and pollution of Jing-Jin-Ji region,this paper uses multiple regression model to test whether the two are consistent with the EKC hypothesis.In this paper,we choose the average sulfur dioxide emissions per capita and PM10 as a measure of atmospheric pollution and the real GDP per capita as an indicator of economic growth.The time span of the data is about 20 years and 13 years.The results show that the relationship between per capita sulfur dioxide emissions and the real GDP per capita was accord with the Environmental Kuznets Curve?EKC?to reveal the inverted U type relationship;however,the relationship between PM10 and economic development does not.The latter shows N shaped curve in Beijing,U shaped curve in Tianjin and Shijiazhuang,which reveals that despite the decline in the intensity of SO2 emissions,the haze pollution is becoming more serious as economic grow.According to the results of the model,we find that if the economy keep current development trend the haze pollution would be increasing,sohaze control is very urgent.Thirdly,this paper uses the conditional valuation method?CVM?to evaluate the understanding of atmospheric pollution control and their attitude to the government's control measurements on haze pollution in Jing-Jin-Ji region.investigation show that the policy of the government air pollution control has a very high public support.Based on the investigation data,this paper establishes a probit model and an interval regression model and simulated that the average WTP of residents in Beijing Tianjin and Shijiazhuang for a better air condition is about 602 yuan per year,which could be a reference for the welfare loss of local residents brought by air pollution.The results shows income and the level of education have positive effects on the results.And considering the sample selecting exist in the online research,this results is mainly represent the WTP of residents have the high educated level and high-income group.Fourthly,we analyzed the necessity and feasibility of joint prevention and control measures in Jing-Jin-Ji regionm and analyze the main policy measures such as sulfur tax,high energy consumption,high pollution products consumption tax,industrial transfer,inter-regional interest compensation and traffic control,etc.Fifthly,this paper establishes the regional dynamic CGE model,on the one hand,simulates the governance effect of PM_2.5 under different economic policies;on the one hand,simulates the impact of different policies on the regional economy.The research results show that to achieve the same result of the governance,consumption tax has larger impact than sulfur tax on the economy,and no matter what kind of tax levy,can eventually to adjust and optimize the industrial structure and energy structure.The study also found that although the tax treatment effect is obvious,but the impact on the economy is very significant;what's more,it also has a negative impact on the natural gas industry.So we take subsidy and compensation into consideration in the comprehensive scenario.The policy simulation results show that,through can well alleviate the impact of Hebei province economic benefits transfer between regions,and the tax cuts for the natural gas to reduce the adverse effects of the natural gas industry received.The results show that subsidize the gas industry could significantly decrease its impact,while intre-region compensation could ease the impacet on the economy in Hebei province.This study prove that the combination of tax,subsidy and compensation is the optimal control scheme,which could achieve the pollution control goals and minimize the damage that the economy suffered at the same time.The innovation of this study includes:?1?CVM on residents attitudes to haze governance in Jing-Jin-Ji region;?2?study the relationship between economy development and air pollution,based on the relationship between PM10 and PM_2.5.Verify whether it is consistent with the EKC hypothesis,and analyze the inflection point of the air pollution;?3?it sturctures the regional dynamic CGE model to simulate the economic impact and pollution control effect of sulfur tax,consumption tax as well as inter-regional interest compensation.