Study On Environmental Kuznets Curve In China

The implication of the environmental Kuznets hypothesis is that the level of environmental pollution will change with the economic growth and appear as an inverted U-shaped curve that rises first and then declines.This paper collects and calculates the ratio of the output value of the secondary industry,the per capita green area,the population density,and the R&D investment as a control variable.It is in the "China Statistical Yearbook" 2004-2015 and "China City Statistical Yearbook",30prefecture-level cities in the country,36 prefecture-level cities in development zones and 92 prefecture-level cities in key development zones.The environmental Kuznets hypothesis was tested with a fixed effect model and the factors that have a significant impact on environmental pollution were examined using the GMM model.The empirical results show that only a small number of models strictly conform to the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve,and there are many N-type models.Among them,the sulfur dioxide emissions in the national and key development zones are inverted U-shaped,and the per capita real GDP values corresponding to the inflection point are respectively 91,000 yuan and 59,000 yuan.The national industrial waste water discharge quantity is inverted N type,the corresponding inflection point is 47,000 yuan and 68,000 yuan respectively;the SO2 emission and industrial waste water discharge in the optimized development zone are N type.The first inflection point was 53,200 yuan and 59,900 yuan respectively.The second inflection point was670,000 yuan and 64,700 yuan respectively.The two inflection points are relatively close.It is believed that the real GDP per capita value at the inflection point of the optimized Kuznets curve of the development zone with high industrialization and urbanization rate is not significantly different.The possible reason is that thesuperiority of China's socialist system,The first is based on the central-provincial-city-the township administrative system,followed by the mega-city groups through the development of a unified environmental policy,so as to the environmental Kuznets curve turning point of the optimization of development zones and turning point of the key development zones tends to be consistent.The discharge amount of waste water in key development zones is N type,and the corresponding inflection points are respectively 40,000 yuan and 69,000 yuan.Increases in population density,per capita green space,and R&D spending will significantly reduce SO2 emissions.The increase in the share of the secondary industry and the increase in energy consumption will significantly increase the emissions of sulfur dioxide and industrial wastewater.The optimization of development zones should focus on the development of modern high-tech industries,accelerate the development of modern service industries,and give priority to the development of national strategic emerging industries.Land countermeasures should be taken such as strictly control the increment of land for construction,revitalize the stock of construction land,optimize the land structure,comprehensive utilization,intensive use,and market allocation.Optimization of development zones should improve the environmental prevention system and improve the environmental monitoring system.We will deepen reforms in the field of ecological protection and strengthen enforcement of environmental legislation.Build a green manufacturing system to promote green management throughout the product lifecycle.The key development zones should establish a strict industry access system and implement the policy of backward industrial transfer and withdrawal.Promote the process of new industrialization and improve the circular economy system.Standardize the fiscal behavior of local government land,and strengthen the spatial balance of land use indicators.Ensure land supply to leading industries in key development zones.Strengthen environmental education,strengthen ecological governance,and implement green projects.We will implement more stringent environmental pollution control and strengthen the management of environmental protection work.