The Research On The Optimization Of Water Usage Structure Of China

China is fecing severe water crisis.Its economic development is restricted by both water scarcity and water pollution.Optimizing the water usage structure is another basic way besides improving the technical efficiency of water usage to help China out of water crisis.And the unreasonable water usage structure of China at present makes it potential to get water saved and contaminants reduced through optimizing its water usage structure.So,it is of great importance to make research on the optimization of water usage structure systematically.From three levels,national-provincial-inter provincial,this paper researches how the industrial structure adjustment influence the realization of objectives of water usage structure optimization.Firstly,from the national level,based on Fisher ideal index decomposition analysis,the adequacy and necessity of industrial structure adjustment to realize water saving are verified.Then,on the basis of input-output analysis,using multi-objective programming model,the optimized industrial structure and its corresponding water usage structure are simulated,under the restrictions of the maximizing economic growth and minimizing water usage and pollution emission.Secondly,from the provincial level,the empirical analysis,based on the extended STRPAT model,by using the data cross 31 provinces from 2000-2014,shows that the degree of influence made by industrial structure adjustment to water usage is different for provinces.And then,this paper analyzes the direction for industrial structure adjustment by combining influence coefficient,respond coefficient and total water input coefficient which are calculated based on input-output analysis.Thirdly,from the inter-provincial level,analysis is conducted from two dimensions.On the target of water saving,this paper calculates the virtual water trade among provinces for 2010,based on the multi-regional input-output analysis,analyzes its influencing factors,using the Gravity model,and points out the path to realize water saving through coordinated industrial structure adjustment inter-provinces.Moreover,on the target of pollution control,this paper calculates the pollution emission transfer among provinces for 2012,analyzes its forming reasons,and also points out the path to realize pollution abatement through coordinated industrial structure adjustment inter-provinces.The novel parts of this paper are as follows:Firstly,definite water usage structure as the essential relation and its proportion relation for different kinds of water usage under certain rules of classification,and point out some kinds of commonly used water usage structure,including production-domestic-ecological water usage structure,industrial water usage structure and reginal water usage structure and so on.Then,clarify the objectives and contents of water usage structure optimization.The objectives include ensuring the water usage security before making water as economic water consumption,saving water resource and controlling water pollution.And the contents include the rationalization,intensive and clean of water usage structure.Secondly,the appropriate adjustment of industrial structure can effectively achieve the objectives of water usage structure optimization.While the influence on water usage made by industrial structure adjustment between different regions has significant difference,the direction of industrial structure adjustment in order to realize the objectives of water usage structure optimization shows consistency for different regions.Therefore,regions should coordinate with each other to resolve the problems on water usage structure optimization and finally make a rational regional industry division under the double constraints of water scarcity and water pollution.Thirdly,in order to save water,regions can adjust their industrial structure according to how to rationalize the regional virtual water trade flows.The provincial virtual water trade in China calculated based on regional input-output model shows that many provinces lack of water are virtual water net outflowing to provinces abundance with water.So the present virtual water trade cannot realize the reasonable allocation of water resources and water saving.Because that the regional economic development level,industrial structure,water resource endowment,water price,and the distance between provinces are all factors that affect regional virtual water trade,the regional industrial structure adjustment should coordinate with each other to make the virtual water flow from provinces which are relatively abundance with water to provinces which are relatively lack of water.In addition,water price and trade barriers such as industry restriction and trade restriction set purposely are effective measures to help to adjust the industrial structure.Finally,in order to control water pollution emission,regions should adjust their industrial structure to make sure that the transferred pollution level is below the water environmental carrying capacity of regions carrying on water pollution transfer,and the total amount of water pollution for all regions is the least.The provincial water pollution transfer in China calculated based on regional input-output model shows that the eastern China with higher economic development level transfer a large number of water pollution to the central and western China.Besides,when a region's certain industry which concentrated in certain pollutant has a large scale,the region's that kind of pollutant would emission a lot and the region would be the carrier on that kind of pollutant transfer.Therefore,the direction and scale of water pollution transfer is determined by the industrial structure in the region.And the regional coordination of industrial structure adjustment can realize the reduction of water pollutant emission effectively.In addition,the water pollution transfer is extremely unfair to regions carrying on the transfer,so regions transfer water pollution should make compensation.To optimize the water usage structure is an important way to help China get out of water crisis.So the research on the path to optimize the water usage structure and its implementation measures will have a positive guiding role in the practice of the water usage structure optimization of China.