Research On The Spring Settlement Morphology In The North Areas Of China

"Spring settlement" is a type of special settlement induced by spring water.The influence of spring water resource penetrates into the functional structure,social form,agricultural production and so on.The attention to the spring settlement origins in the series research of the special spatial form of Jinan,the "spring city",which earned its name by the rich spring resources within city area;and the extension of the study types from city settlements to rural settlements,research scope expanded to Shandong,Shanxi,Henan,Hebei and other four northern provinces.The former spring settlement research focuses on the study of a single case,which scope only one local area or individual spring settlement.In this paper,based on the comprehensive investigation of more than three hundred spring villages of the four northern provinces,from the perspective of architecture,combining the theory of archaeology,history,sociology and other discipline theories,produced a comprehensive research on the climate,topography,social culture,the structure of the village,courtyard pattern,residential building,as well as the multiple features of similarities of the four northern provinces spring settlements.The concept of "spring settlement" is a relatively new research perspective,In order to illuminate the research subject this article firstly carded and inducted the basic notions of "spring","settlement" and other concepts related to spring settlement,clarified the definitions of the "spring settlement" and "typical spring settlement" concepts and defined the study territory of the "four northern provinces",carding the spring settlement distribution from two aspects of the geographical conditions and geological conditions,the administrative division of the four northern provinces;cataloging the hierarchy and types the existing situation of the north spring settlement.It stripped the spring water system from the settlements forms in advance,analyzed the spring elements themselves,and processed the systematic carding and prototype extraction the foundations of the water system,materialized form.Following the type induction to the daily use,production use and landscape use,the three traditional utilities of the spring water,it explored the spatial existence patterns under the different utilization mode of spring water system,and theoretically elaborated the general rule and regional differences.The intrinsic connection between the volume of spring and the utilization method was examined.This thesis elucidated the dynamic and restriction mechanism of the spring water volume and the surrounding environment with respect to the manner of water utility from the theoretical level.Based on above studies,from the settlement space structure level,spring settlement environmental adaptability,the elements of humanities in human settlements three aspects,the characteristic spring settlement space form study is the core content of this article.In the end,the discussion of contemporary resource values of spring settlement,in order to probes into the existence,development and the orderly update strategy,under the background of industrial civilization is the ultimate goal of spring settlement research.The innovation of the thesis is mainly manifested in the following: the field of settlement research took the lead from the distribution of karst water system,settlement modes,types and distribution of the concept of "spring settlement" were defined and expounded.It is the first time to adapt deeply thorough constructing morphology research to the spring settlement of the four provinces of Shandong,Shanxi,Henan,Hebei.It summarized the composition of its sub-system and revealed the development and evolutionary mechanisms of the spring settlement driven by spring water.From the new perspective of the water resources of contemporary functional evolution,the renovation of the spring water system,the reasonable supporting capacity of the spring water,it revealed the contemporary updating strategy and methods of “spring settlement”.