The Effects Of Walking Environment On Pedestrian Security Requirement And Travel Activities

Pedestrian environment formed by road environment,pedestrians,building on both sides,traffic and ancillary facilities.Walking behavior is related to the quality of the pedestrian environment.High quality walking environment can stimulate diversely behaviors while low quality walking environment may restrict pedestrian behaviors.According to Mallows hierarchy of need,safety requirement is primary requirement of pedestrian travel,and followed by the convenience,comfort and other requirements.Pedestrian as a vulnerable group in transportation not only need to prevent conflicts from motor vehicles,but also need more public security.It is found that security need is mainly comes from violence,robbery and theft which may happen on the street through the investigation.Based on the survey data,Security need is related to many factors of pedestrian environment which are street width,trip distribution and street element.The results showed that security need is related to these three factors.The higher relative width of street is,the more security need.[20%,64%] trip distribution and the number of 4.7-14.3 per 100 meters street elements will promote security need of pedestrian through the linear regression.Then it was established the regression equation of pedestrian security need by these three factors.Besides the sense of security,travel behavior is also related to other elements of the pedestrian environment.According to the existing research,pedestrian travel behavior is divided into three types,arrival behavior,crossing behavior and staying behavior.10 indexes were established to describe pedestrian travel behavior based on the three travel behavior.The index quantization method are used three optimal value criteria which are based on urban construction guidelines,walking tolerance value and Multi-attribute decision-making.The normalized data have no obvious regularity.It will map the data into the new space by using PCA method.According to the above three behaviors,street is divided into active,friendly and traffic-based types.First,6 indicators with the 84.84% cumulative contribution rate were selected as the characteristic indicators of walking environment.And then the mapping data can be found divided into three categories which are consistent with the urban construction guidelines,and it is showed that these 6 indexes can be used as indicators to describe the pedestrian environment.Then the 6 characteristic indexes were classified based of the classification results and puts forward the range of walking environment factors in different types of streets.It showed that the activity pedestrian environment indicators: above 13 street elements per 100 meter,more than 70% continuous space,public transportation station distance in 300 m,the length of crossing facilities between 180 m to 350 m.Finally,it was established the expression of street pedestrian environment.The different factors are divided into three parts which are public traffic station distribution,crossing facilities convenience and the number of street entrances according to influence degree.And it suggest to put the number of street entrances into city planning norms.In addition,based on the optimal value of the three criteria,the correlation analysis of walking environment factors is carried out,and the walking environment factors are divided into four categories: the dominant factor,the better factor,the inferior factor and the missing factor.Pedestrian Environment in city is imbalance,which the business quarter is well and administrative area is worse,and it is lacked of recreational service in all kind of streets.It should to provide policy and traffic facilities to support the spontaneous activities and increase the possibility of social activities.