| This research adopts the technological conditions for the extrusion granulation which develops coal-derived compound fertilizer used chemical fertilizer (urea and diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, etc.) and industrial solid wastes. Field experiments were performed respectively in reclamation-area and mellow soil area, which were conducted to study systematically the soil fertility, biological characters, cropgrowth, yield and quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency in order to reveal the mechanism of soil characters based application of coal-derived compound fertilizer combined with bacterial manure. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Three types of coal-derived compound fertilizer were developed independently. It was detected to be in line with the relevant national standards according to national standards (GB18877-2009). The total Inorganic nutrients in three types of coal-derived compound fertilizer are 28.20%,25.35% and 32.27% respectively. The organic matter in three types of coal-derived compound fertilizer is the organic matter content of 25.71%,19.93% and 15.60% respectively. Coal waste accounted respectively for 28.49%, 30.85% and 31.54% in the coal-derived compound fertilizer. Industrial wastes were utilized effectively and widen the way of utilization of industrial waste.(2)The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium was improved obviously according to different fertilization. Compared with non-fertilizer area, the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content was increased by 27.78%? 72.22%,15.61%?63.90%,23.07%?76.92% and 13.80%?47.36% in reclamation-area. In mellow soil area, respectively increased by 5.74%?18.23%,7.87%?28.53% and 14.78%?46.93%,13.41%? 27.36%. Compared with fertilization of compound fertilizer, the treatment by the bacterial manure combined with coal-derived compound fertilizer could reduce the content of soil total phosphorus. Different fertilization can obviously increase the content of soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. Compared with non-fertilizer area, the content of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, effective phosphorus, available k increased by 2.04?2.04 times,1.84?2.59 times, 29.15%?41.82% under the condition of different fertilization in reclamation area. In mellow soil area, respectively increased by 0.85?0.85 times,0.34?1.27 times,25.82%?46.84%. Compared with fertilization of coal-derived compound fertilizer, the bacterial manure combined with fertilizer can significantly increase the content of available P.(3) The soil total PLFA could increase in different crop growth stages both reclamation area and mellow soil area. At the same time, the soil total PLFA could increase along with the increasing of fertilizer level. The total PLFA reached the highest on N300 fertilizing level. When the content of nutrient (N390 fertilizing level) was increased, the content of total PLFA can decrease. It will be more significant when the bacterial manure combined with coal-derived compound fertilizer was fertilized in reclamation area, compared with the mellow soil area.The content of bacteria PLFA would increase significantly after fertilization and the bacteria activity could reach highest on N300 fertilizing level. Compared with N210 and N120, the ratio of increasing will reduce. The bacteria activity could be restrained on the fertilizing level of N390.the increasing ratio of fungi is significantly slower than the ratio of bacteria in different crop growth. And the PLFA content of fungi will be highest on the fertilizing level of N210, which shows that fungi is less tolerant on higher concentration fertilizer than lower concentration fertilizer. The content of total PLFA, bacteria PLFA, fungi PLFA reached highest in the filling stage. At the same time, the soil microorganism was influenced significantly by factors such as heat and water resources and crop growth.(4) The content of microbial biomass C and N could be improved in different fertilization treatment both reclamation area and mellow soil area. And the content of microbial biomass C and N reached highest on the fertilizing level of N300 in filling stage.(5) The soil enzyme activity could be significantly improved because of different fertilization treatment. Urease activity and phosphatase activity could reach highest on the fertilizing level of N300 in the maturity in the reclamation area.Enzymatic activity reached highest on the fertilizing level of N300 in the filling stage in the reclamation area. In the mellow soil area, three types of enzymatic activity reached highest on the fertilizing level of N300 in the filling stage in the mellow soil area.(6) Maize plant height and dry matter accumulation were affected obviously because of different fertilizer treatments. From seedling stage to filling stage, maize dry matter accumulation and plant height grow faster, and the crop growth will be slower in the maturity. Maize plant height and dry matter accumulation show significant difference between different fertilizer levels. Maize plant height and dry matter accumulation will be stressed obviously because of non-fertilizer. The difference of maize plant height and dry matter accumulation is smaller among the different fertilizer levels in the mellow soil area.(7)Along with the increase of fertilizer levels, maize yield increased in both two experimental zones and reached the highest level of output to fertilize N300. The reclamation-area fertilization of bacterial manure and matrix combined with coal-derived compound fertilizer respectively, matrix maize yield in N300 fertilizer levels were 5391.15,5957.52,5695.73 kg/hm2, non-fertilizer (CK) processing maize yield is only 1460.25 kg/hm2. No fertilizer treatment had obvious stress on maize yield formation. The yield of corn with the bacterial manure and compound fertilizer combined is significantly higher than the single fertilizer. The mellow soil area fertilization of bacterial manure and matrix combined with coal-derived compound fertilizer respectively, matrix maize yield in N300 fertilizer levels were 10848.67, 11583.19,11256.42 kg/hm.The yield of com with the bacterial manure and compound fertilizer combined in N300 level is significantly higher than that of single fertilizer, however, there was no significant difference compared with the matrix combined with coal-derived compound fertilizer.(8) Com panicle traits such as number of spike and biomass per 100 grains and grain weight in reclamation-area were significantly lower than that of mellow soil area. In reclamation-area, com oil content increase with the increase of fertilizer rate of trend. Com starch content, along with the increase of fertilizer rate decreasing trend, achieve the maximum on different fertilizer treatments in N120 fertilization level, while the highest of com protein content was obtained in the level of N390.In mellow soil area, com oil content increased with the increase of fertilizer levels, and are generally higher than that of reclamation-area. Coil starch content and fertilization level have no consistent trends, and starch content is lower than reclamation-area. Com protein content has no obvious trend with the increase of fertilizer level; the highest point was obtained in N390 fertilizer levels with the treatment of single coal-derived compound fertilizer. When different fertilizer treatments about bacterial manure and matrix combined with coal-derived compound fertilizer were conducted respectively, grain protein content in the N110 fertilization level reached highest.(9)Three different fertilizer types and the same fertilization level had no significant effect on soil water storage and water consumption at different growth period. The same fertilizer types and different fertilizer levels on the soil's ability to protect water points has obvious effect. The highest water use efficiency in the both experimental zone were obtained in N300 fertilizer level and the order was:bacterial manure and coal-derived compound fertilizer combined (N300 level)> matrix and coal-derived compound fertilizer combined (N300 level)> single coal-derived compound fertilizer (N300 level).(10)Based on the fertilizer treatment of coal-derived compound fertilizer combined with bacterial manure, N, P, K nutrient uptake and utilization are highest in N300 fertilization level in mellow soil area, while it's higher compared with others in N390 and N300 fertilizer levels in reclamation-area.Three types of fertilizer application could significantly promote the plant on the uptake and utilization efficiency of N, P, K, for fertilizer and crop yield and soil fertility laid a certain foundation. N, P, K. absorption amount of grain and straw in reclamation-area were significantly lower than that of mellow soil area. |
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