The Paralleling Grammaticalization Of Multi-function "X SHI" In Modern Chinese

In this paper, we focus on the course of paralleling grammaticalization of the "X shi" as well as its motivation and mechanism in modern Chinese.In the first chapter, we define the research object and task of this thesis. The object of study is multi function "X shi" in modern Chinese, the content is the grammaticalization path of the multifunctional "X shi" and its cause, while the biggest characteristic of grammaticalization path of multifunctional "X shi" is parallelism. Also this chapter not only describes the research background of virtual, grammar, vocabulary and word markers, but also points out the current research status of all types of "X shi" grammaticalization, vocabulary, discourse markers and so on.In the second chapter, we define the parallelism of grammaticalization, and find out the theoretical basis for its existence. We demonstrate that, the parallelism is not a imagination, but a phenomenon of the evolution of language, which has theoretical and factual basis. In the academic circles, the viewpoint of "Polygrammaticalization", "the hierarchical theory", non-unidirectional, the theory of the expansion of accommodation as well as the theory of frequency more or less support the rationality of the parallelism of grammaticalization.In the third chapter, we discuss the grammatical characteristics of the multi-function "X" in modern Chinese from the perspective of synchronization. We first throughly investigate all the "X shi" in the "modern Chinese vocabulary (Draft)", then classifies and describes the various characters of the word "X shi" in modern Chinese. Finally, we find that the word "X" is mostly multi-functional. This is also the basement of our study of grammatical parallelism of the multi-function "X shi".In the fourth chapter, we discuss the multi-function "X shi" in modern Chinese from the diachronic perspective. Because "X shi" in the modern Chinese has a variety of functions, so grammaticalization of all the functions of "X shi" were discussed respectively. Firstly, we discuss the table of the "X is" how the phrase "" is a group of blocks from the. Secondly, we describe how the "X shi" to describe judgment is formed. Thirdly, we describe "X shi" that has characteristics of conjunction. Fourthly, we describe the process of the grammaticalization of the "X shi". In the end, the grammaticalization of "X shi" that is used as discourse markers is described. In addition, we find that the grammaticalization of multi-function "X shi" belongs to the development mode of parallelism of grammaticalization, which is different from the traditional development mode.In the fifth chapter, we discuss the motivation and mechanism of the development of the multi-function "X" in modern Chinese. Firstly, in our opinion, to grammaticalization of multi-function "X shi" in modern Chinese, the frequency has dual role:"promotion" and "delay", and the combined effect of the two function leads to that in the modern Chinese the grammaticalization of the multi-functional "X shi" is parallelized. Secondly, pragmatic factors play an important role in the multi-functional "X shi". thirdly, the generalization and fusion of cognitive semantics is an important mechanism in the grammaticalization of "X shi". Finally, the metaphor, analogy and re analysis of cognitive psychology are the most important reasons and mechanisms to promote the multi-functional "X shi".In the sixth and seventh chapters, we research into the two examples of "X shi". One is "jiu shi"with five property, the other is "shi" with four property. "Shi" and "bu shi" basically covers all the features of modern Chinese "X" function. Their grammatical process, motivation and mechanism can represent the characteristics and motivations of the multi-functional "X shi" in modern Chinese. In the two chapter, we discuss the functions of the "shi" and "bu shi" in the synchronic plane. Then, from the diachronic perspective, we start to discuss the grammaticalization of the "shi" and "bu shi". We found that each function of "shi" and "bu shi" is indeed towards to the direction of parallelized grammaticalization. It is also proved that in the modern Chinese the multi-functional "X shi" has a characteristics of parallelism. Finally, from the viewpoint of cognitive and pragmatic, frequency, subjective, we discuss the motivation and mechanism of grammaticalization of "shi" and "bu shi".Finally, the eighth chapter is about the summary and the shortcomings of this thesis.