The Study On Complement To Exemplification Study In Ancient Rhymes

Complement to Exemplification Study in Ancient Rhymes(CESAR)is adapted from Exemplification Study in Ancient Rhymes(ESAR).Both these two books are divided into 30 volumes according to the 107 rhymes of Pingshui rhyme.There are 488 Yintong in CESAR,which are from the 954 Yintong in ESAR.From Fanqie and Yintong of the view,there are many common phonological features in these two books.While there are 3543 Xiaoyun in CESAR,290 more than that of ESA R.Most of these 290 Xiaoyun are from other rhyme books,such as Guang Rhyme,others are added according to the situation of the four tones conjoin,open-close,aspiration.All of them are the rare phonetic data.In addition,CESAR expresses the temporal pronunciation by adding the voiceless-initial pronunciation to voiced-initial character,Qusheng pronunciation to voiced Shangsheng character,Yinsheng-rhyme pronunciation to Rusheng character.So CESAR is of much more important phonetic meaning than ESAR.Youyin in CESAR is distinctive,its phonetic system is very different from ESAR's.On the basis of our study,CESAR is not just a simple mending to ESAR,but a significant complement to ESAR.It has not just inherited the main content of ESAR,but also developed and reformed it as a whole.It is a certain CESAR is of great research value.The initial system:Initials are divided into 39 groups through the association of Fanqie in CESAR.Chuan and Chan belongs to one group,so do Ni and Niang.On the basis of Yintong and the comparing of Fanqie,the three initial groups of Zhi,Zhuang,Zhang are combined to two groups.Zhi'er-Zhuang belong to one group.So do Zhi'san-Zhang.Voiced initials Chuan,Chan,Cheng,Chong belong to one group.Some Chong-initial Characters are pronounced as Chu-initial.Fei,Fu,Feng combine to one group.Yi-initial is still as a single group.Ying,Yun,Yi and some of the Yi-initials combine.The features above are almost the same as ESAR.According to the analysis of the voiceless pronunciation of voiced initials,we know CESAR has the characteristic of the devoicing of voiced obstruents,Pingsheng,aspirated Zesheng and unaspirated Zesheng each takes half of the voiceless of the voiced initials.The characters in group Zhuang are much more pronounced as Jing in CESAR than in ESAR.There are 21 initial consonants in CESAR.The final system:Chunyin characters are classified as one group on the basis of Fanqie comparative.There are 324 final groups in CESAR,including 119 Yinsheng rhymes,153 Yangsheng rhymes,52 Rusheng rhymes.Some of Chongniu rhymes'A-type rhymes combine with B-type rhymes.Some of the Chongniu rhymes combine with the third rank or the forth rank rhymes.Some Chong rhymes combine internally.According to Yintong and the comparing of Fanqie,we know there are only 51 pairs Chongniu little rhymes having contrary relationships,the other Chongniu rhymes are combined with the third rank or the forth rank rhymes,some of the third rank rhymes and the forth rank rhymes combine with Hongyin after they miss their head vowel-i.Qi,Hui,Ji,Fei,Tai of Xieshe,and closing mouth characters combine with Zhi and She.Some You rhyme's Chunyin characters transfer into Yumo group.The rhymes groups are divided into 19 categories,including 7 Yinsheng rhymes,7 Yangsheng rhymes,5 Rusheng rhymes.Glottal stop coda is kept.The features above are the same as ESAR's.Some of the Rusheng Characters in CESAR are pronounced as Yinsheng rhyme.There's no glottal stop coda in Rusheng rhymes in CESAR,and Qusheng has already disappeared.This is different from ESAR,in which glottal stop coda is kept.There are 50 finals in CESAR.Tone system:The tone change of the voiced rhymes has appeared in ESAR.While there are more voiced rhymes changing to Shang in CESAE than in ESAR.In CESAR,some voiced Shangsheng characters are pronounced in voiceless Shangsheng or Pingsheng.The evolution mode is different from that of ESAR.Most of the Qusheng characters which are pronounced in Yinsheng rhymes are read with Qusheng,just a few of them are read with Pingsheng or Shangsheng,while Qusheng tone is kept in ESAR.Phonological features:There are three phonology levels in ESAR.The fist level is the Nigu literary pronunciation of Fanqie The second level is the Qushi literary pronunciation of Zimu rhyme The third level is the colloguial pronunciation of Yintong.There are also three phonology levels in CESAR.The fist level is the Nigu literary pronunciation of Fanqie The second level is the Qushi literary pronunciation of Yintong The third level is the colloguial pronunciation of Youyin.CESAR has carried on ESAR's phonological features reflected by Fanqie and Yintong.In the meanwhile,it also reflects other features of Mandarin,such as the voiceless evolution of voiced characters,the tone change of the voiced characters,the disappearance of Qusheng rhymes and Qusheng tone by adding Yousheng rhyme.CESAR reflects the the traditional literary pronunciation,it also expresses the temporal pronunciation by adding Youyin.