A Study Of Positive Liberty In A View Of The German Classical Philosophy

"Freedom" in modern western philosophy is empiricism and rationalism in the study of two different paths and empirical attention degree of "free" implementation in reality,mainly from the political,institutional,power and boundary,etc to discuss the dimension of the form of freedom.And rationalism emphasizes freedom of metaphysical ontology dimension,to the freedom of the reflection and reconstruction based on the "inevitable" metaphysical meaning,it began in the cartesian "I think" freedom,by spinoza "real" freedom and leibniz "list" deduction and development of freedom,freedom is in Rousseau's philosophy construction "issued by the own law to action" of the connotation of the "active".Thus,a German scholar Hector fee and British scholar baker will together as Rousseau "real founder of the modern theory of positive freedom." The "direction" deeply influenced Kant,it also opens the positive liberty thought in German classical philosophy theory development path.Kant has completed "positive freedom" in the field of practical reason of ethics construction,true freedom became the mainhuman "according to the moral law to unconditionally action" the moral law,which will freedom,free will and good will,respectively,the possibility that constitute the connotation of the "positive freedom",according to the feasibility and necessity of subject,and using "positive freedom" in the field of moral completed the "humanistic" god.Along the following Kant fichte will open in the direction of "positive freedom" to the moral to realize the history of the field,main body established on the basis of "self" to overcome "nonself" limit "positive freedom",need to get on in the process of human social history development and the final implementation,the development of human history is god "the apocalypse" moral ethical practice proved.From "absolute identity" of schelling,nature and human history is regarded as "the same" dual logic rationality in their direction,"absolute" in its construction of rational lawconstitutes the nature and human society development respectively according to the "action",so as to expand the connotation of "positive freedom" and "the same ontology reason" to objective.Hegel's dialectics,turned the connotation of "positive freedom" ascend to the height of the theory of dialectical reason,freedom is inevitable as content and contain in itself,this completes the necessity and freedom in the dialectical unity of logic.Put forward at the same time,Hegel real freedom should be established in the objective spirit of human society,human beings consciously in accordance with the law and the moral act is to be the freedom of the human reality.Absolute spirit to complete the inevitability and all the unity of freedom "link",so as to complete the "positive freedom" the rational construction of metaphysics.In German classical philosophy,the connotation of the "positive freedom" presents from pure moral main body to the logic of the development of the absolute spirit ontology,which also contains the development logic of the liberation and humanistic god of subject.Reveal the evolution process of the "logic" to fully show the development of the "positive freedom" in German classical philosophy theory.Shape on the connotation of "positive freedom" by Marx inherited and used in the construction of historical materialism,the law of the human history is based on the Self construction of material production practice,human is the history of the "self" issued by law,a historical development "issued by the Self rule" in human history in the practice of the realization of the liberation of the reality and the ultimate freedom.So the study of "positive freedom" in the German classical philosophy thoughts,not only can help us deepen the understanding of Marx's historical materialism,but also to ascend in reality our understanding of the socialist core value of freedom in our country.