On The Evolvement Of Logic In Mysticism Of German Classical Philosophy In The Field Of Reason

Western civilization cannot be separated from the common shaping of two cultural,ancient Greek philosophy and Hebrew religion,for one is rationality and logic,and the other is belief and mystery.Therefore,there is always an internal tension between philosophy and religion,reason and belief,which is both confrontation and reconciliation,exclusion and penetration,and has become the unique theoretical characteristics of Western philosophy and manifestation in each stage of Western philosophy.The classical philosophy takes the construction of a metaphysical system of wholeness and truth as its task,the rationality will encounter beliefs in its construction inevitably,so does philosophy and religion.In this way,the logic of mysticism development can be deduced in the opposition and harmony between reason and belief.In this paper,the main theme is to reveal the evolution process of this logic in classical philosophy.Before entering the German classical philosophy,the local German philosophical atmosphere was full of two keynotes which called speculation and mysticism.Eckhart opened the initial combination of rationalism and mysticism by using the ‘light of the mind',and then Nicholas Cusanus furthered introducing mysticism into the field of epistemology,Martin Luther's ‘Justification by faith' religion reform resulted in the transformation of mysticism into individual beliefs.Finally,Jakob Boehme's “Theosophy” became the philosophical paradigm among the combination of rationalism and mysticism.These thoughts wandered between theology and philosophy,and gradually cultivated the thinking traits of German native philosophy with a strong mystery.The transcendentality of the subject let “mystery” have a place to live,the speculation of the demonstration method made “mystery” a tool for deduction,and domain religion finally made “mystery” possible to take the reality.Strictly speaking,this mysticism of German native philosophy has not really reached the stage of Modern western philosophy,but it officially “appears” and deducts the logical trend of self-development when philosophy entered the era of ancient philosophy.In ancient philosophy,there was a dual path of “opposition” and “ reconciliation” at the beginning of the confrontation between mysticism and rationality.One is the rejection of mysticism by the intellectuality shown in Kant's transcendental philosophy.Kant brought mystery into the unknowable domain of ontological world through “demarcation” of human cognitive ability.The cognitive phenomenon world has no mystery and the mysterious ontological world is unknowable.The other path is that Jacobi divides “direct knowledge” and “indirect knowledge” so that mysticism becomes an intuitive way to discern “ direct knowledge”,thus opening up a “ harmonious” road for mysticism to move towards rational knowledge.Fichte developed Kant's “transcendental self” into the “absolute self” that governs everything.However,when the“ absolute self” truly becomes the highest being that sets everything,it cannot escape the mysterious logical fate.The “absolute self” has become the God that creates all subjective and objective things.At the same time,Kant's attempt to reject the mysterious subject transcendentalism by limiting his cognitive ability came to an end.Schelling transcended.Fichte's subjective ontological position and turned to seeking the “absolute”of the same subject and object in the true sense.However,though the “absolute identity” that retired from the subject and objective existentialism can reach the highest transcendence,the way of recognizing “absolute” had to given way to the mystery of “artistic intuition”,finally mystery and “intuition” reached a unity in the highest stage of rational cognition.G.W.F.Hegel criticized Schelling's mysterious and intuitive,he advocated revealing all the contents contained in the dialectical movement of spiritual self meanwhile absolute idea inner one's self consciousness,then let dialectics become the truth logic that reveals all the “contents” of the universe.As a result,the situation of all religion areas' rationalization appeared.Religion has become a part of the “absolute spirit”.Christian teaching is just a mysterious expression of the religiousization of the “absolute spirit”.In this meaning,Hegel finally achieved the ultimate reconciliation between philosophy and religion,rationality and mystery in the system of speculative philosophy.The price of “reconciliation” is the rationalization of religion and the religionization of rationality.Although rationalism is the main theme of the classical philosophy,we can still reveal the evolution of mysticism in German classical philosophy from the perspectives of the overall construction of the metaphysical system,the evolution of the way of rational knowledge and the harmony between reason and belief.The study of this logical process not only helps broaden the theoretical horizon of German classical philosophy in the academic but also helps us to understand more deeply the internal relationship between rationality and belief in Western culture,which is both antagonistic and reconcilable.