The Study On Earlry Qiuci Mural Painting(16pt Time New Roman,Bold)

Based on the field investigation of the No.117 cave in kizil,use of archaeological typology and art style,and the beginning of the twentieth Century investigation reports of German scholar,Kizil murals painting in German,domestic archaeological data and ancient early Chinese literature,and the combination of fourteen carbon,the text analyse layer of repainted mural painting identified 117 cave in kizil,and restore the different layer of mural painting of 117cave.And then,we reconstrcted the murals painting layer in117 caves:that is A1,A2,A3 murals painting layer.The three layers of mural painting in kizil has the different styles,each of the sources of the layers of the mural painting of the 117caves is different,the wall of the cave,the.At the same time to confirm the first 117 grotto murals in Kizil(Al mural painting)is the earliest painting of ancient Qiuci area,rather than the previous German scholars identified the first style(the first Indo—Iranian style),and also found that the first mural layer in 117 Grottoes is the murals of Mahayana Buddhism had mentioned in the ancient chinese literature in qiuci area.The article is divided into six chapters,the first chapter is the introduction,The second chapter discussed the shape of 117 Grottoes,combined with the main ly Qiuci region of Edom,buddhist caves to the east region and the west region outside the Qiuci.the 117 grotto shape is special,displaying characteristics of the Central Asian region and overseas.The third chapter mainly according to the field investigation,and the German investigation report in the early twentieth Century,the German murals to identify and confirm the different murals painting of the 117 caves in kizil,to establish a different layer of the murals of the three.and A1 for mural mural layer.Three painting style be divided into A1,A2,A3,according to painting's characteristics in 117caves.The first layer corresponded to the A1 style,The second layer corresponded to the A2 style,The third layer corresponded to A3 style.A1 style is decorated wall of the main room,the former room,the doorway inside the walls with thousand Buddha image in the gesture of meditation.The second layer is A2 mural mural style(which belongs to the first Indo-Iranian style)the walls of the chamber were mainly the Buddha,Bodhisattva meditation and Jiyue heaven,Buddha,Nirvana images,there are Jiyue heaven and meditation with Buddha on the wall of the antechamber,The doorway also decorated with Buddha meditation.A2 painting mainly reflects the characteristics of Hinayana buddhism.The third layer is A3 style,the main room,anterchamber and doorway decorated with the A3 style,the A3 style the Buddha meditation,back of the wall of mainroom is decorated with nirvana images.The fourth chapter mainly discussed the age of the three murals layer,and the subject in the 117 caves.Through the analysis of ancient Chinese literature,found that three murals style of the 117caves alternatively changed according to the order of time alternation,which reflected development and change of Mahayana Buddhism of Qiuci area the earlier mentioned in chinese Buddhist literature.The first mural layer corresponding Mahayana Buddhism prosperous of Kucha region in the tmes of Kumarajiva.Second layers of mural reflects the Qiuci Theravada Buddhism flourishing,Mahayana Buddhism decline gradually.At the same time,much attention is payed to esoteric rituals which is produced by the first layer and second layers of frescoes combined with grotto form of Qiuci,can also be confirmed by early record of literature.Third layer painting shows the Theravada Buddhism in Qiuci,Theravada Buddhism has continued to develop,and its is in the strengthening of the trend.The fifth chapter combines Buddhist elements of two different places outside of the Qiuci,discussed the origin of the first layer of frescoes.In the sixth chapter,the author analyzes the causes of the transformation of A1 style(the first layer)to A2 style(the second layer)with the combination of literature and cave paintings.Through the analysis and reconstruction three layer murals painting of the No.117 cave,confirming the first mural layer(A1)as the earliest mural painting remains of ancient Qiuci area,rather than the German scholars identified the first indo-iranian style.The three mural painting layer of 117 grotto also reflects the thought of the different times of the ancient Qiuci Buddhism school.Three murals painting layer in 117 cave witernessed changes of the history of entire Buddhist School of Kizil Grottoes.Mural image can confirm history.