Research On The Network Of Film Industry In Economic Geography

Because of the advantages on economic benefit acquisition,job creation,resource agglomeration,regional renewal and green production,the cultural and creative industry has become an important way to realize industrial transformation and upgrading in developed countries.The film industry is re.garded as the core industry by the countries.However,the film industry and other industries,like the high-tech industry and equipment manufacturing industry,have different characteristics.These industries emphasize that the production process is core in whole chain,and their product quality depends only on the technology and organization of production process.However,a film from the production to the final consumption need to experience production,distribution and exhibition.All of them are crucial 1 links and influence on the product quality,the final consumption and industrial economic benefits.The current research on the cultural and creative industries,especially the film industry mainly from the cluster theory in economic geography.The important content of the research is a single film production cluster,mainly from its spatial pattern,organization etc.However,the cluster theory only focuses on local scale and production process of the film industry.It is difficult to explain the phenomenon of distribution and exhibition throughout the world.Further,with the rapid development of information technology and the deepening of economic globalization,the outsourcing of film production,the cross-regional cooperation in different countries,regions and clusters are becoming more and more common.The explanatory power of cluster theory on production links has also been weak.Therefore,this paper is the problem-oriented.On the one hand,the paper used industrial clusters and global production network as tools for analyzing the organization and spatial pattern of film production in new era.On the other hand,it concerned the patterns of spatial forms,main body of the network organization and structural characteristics of the film distribution and exhibition.It chosen China's film industry as a case study,and draw the following conclusions:First,the global scale of network theory and the whole value is the necessary perspective for analysis of the film industry in the new era.The cluster only is the local scale of film production network,while the global scale has been formed,which has the different construction mechanism corresponding to different organizations.First,large-scale film and television multinational corporations is the main body to establish external pipeline of cluster.And then this pipeline will be evolved into inter-cluster cooperation.Second,the main bodies are the countries and large enterprises to build cross-country cooperation in different ways.On the other hand,with the integration of global market and the intensification of global flow of various resources,the key point of film industry from the content to the content and distribution.The quality,the final consumption and the economic efficiency of the movies are impacted by the synergies of production,distribution and exhibition.So research on the network structure,spatial scale and organizational characteristics of the above three links is necessary for understanding of the film industry.Second,the main features of the film industry links.In the production process,the industrial cluster is the basic unit of the local scale film production network.In the world,there are Hollywood which is the network of a multinational media group as the core,Bollywood which is the loose film network based on the relationship among different actors,Vancouver which is the satellite cluster based on outsourcing project and so on.Spatially,all of them are located in the metropolis and embedded in local situation;Organizational,they are highly flexible and uncertain production system.The core members of them are production enterprises,suppliers and freelancers;Evolutionally,they experience long process of development,and are accelerated the pace by government policies.The global scale of film production network is mainly based on outsourcing and co-production of film project.The main bodies and nodes of organization are multinational corporations,countries,and clusters.In the distribution process,the country is basic spatial unit of the organization and the basic dimension of performance measurement.The globally film distribution network is constructed by multinational corporations through the establishment of subsidiary corporations,the domination-of exhibition platform and the participation of film festival.In the exhibition process,because the economic share of theater in the film industry are occupied by the other screening channels,like television and internet,film copyright and derivatives,the global network of movie exhibition gradually become weak.The organizational network of exhibition is basically fixed in the country and hold by a small number of large-scale enterprises.To master their own screening market,they do not cooperate with other foreign companies.The country is the only spatial scale of exhibition.In addition,the spatial features of the exhibition is more on micro-scale cinema layout.Third,the marketization degree of Chinese film industry network is limit.China's film industry began in the early 1990s,and the current is still a limited market-oriented,which mainly reflected in two aspects:the restrictive system for foreign enterprises and the main body of Chinese film industry.The state-owned enterprises is the important component of the production,distribution,screening and other aspects.In the production of the film industry,Beijing is the most promising place to develop into a global film industry cluster.The core driving force is related institutions of Beijing film industry.These institutions attract a large number of film and television talent,related enterprises and support firms.And further intensify the agglomeration of the Beijing film industry.Entering into the global network,the main method of China's film industry is to participate or hold international co-production project.With the development of national policy on the strengthening cooperation efforts,co-production experience from individuals into the institutional,capital and systemic cooperation.In the distribution process,currently the first level of Chinese film industry is the state-owned enterprises.They embedded into the global network through the signing agreement with the large-scale production enterprises outside,merger and acquisitions of global professional distribution companies and participation the international film festivals.In the exhibition process,the film market has been basically stable.Wanda Group is the core body,while some state-owned and private enterprises locate in the second level.Through the analysis of the different scale network on film industry and the empirical study of China,we can summarize that the scale of network construction,the cooperation subject and the enterprise spatial layout.The research on film production is not only from industrial cluster perspective,but also from the perspective of global production network.Further,the core nodes of the global production network is not only multinational companies,but also clusters.