The Social Information Processing Characteristics Of Socially Withdrawn Preschool-children And Its Intervention

Based on the previous theory and researches those are associated with children's social-withdrawal,this study deeply and systematically explored the detection rate and demography-variable characteristicsofchildren's social-withdrawal,performed an observation on the relationship between the level of information-processing and social withdrawal for socially withdrawn preschool-childrenand discussed emotion comprehension's mediating effect on socially withdrawn preschool-children'ssocial information-processing level and withdrawal behavior.Finally,based on the results fromthis studyandprevious researches,this thesis explored the effective methods of intervention which focused on socially withdrawn preschool-children.Study#1: Detection rate and demography-variable characteristicsofchildren's social-withdrawal.Study#1investigated detection rate of children's social-withdrawal among 316 urban children with questionnaires and naturalistic observation method.Besides,initiatory exploration and analysis were conducted on gender,age and difference in family background which affect children's social-withdrawal detection rate.Study#2:Study#2-1: Modification of Social Information Processing Interview–preschool version(SIPI-P)(Chinese Version).Based on translation,text analysis and experts' evaluation,language(in Chinese)modification was performed on programs,contents,guidelines for evaluators and scoring criteria of SIPI-P.This study also did a reliability and validity test of interview and tried to find the applicability of the interview in Chinese culture background.Study#2-2: Relationship between the level of information-processing and social withdrawalof socially withdrawn preschool-children.In every phase of social information-processingin four story situations,characteristics and variation of different kinds of socially withdrawn preschool-children and control group children were observed.And the relationship between the level of information-processing and social withdrawalof socially withdrawn preschool-children was observed.Study#3: Emotion comprehension's mediating effect on socially withdrawn preschool-children'ssocialinformation-processing level and withdrawal behavior.This study did a survey on differentiation of emotion comprehension ability of different kinds between socially withdrawn preschool-children and control group children.The relationship among emotion comprehension level,emotion comprehension and social-withdrawal was studied.Furthermore,the forecast function of social information-processing level and emotion comprehension on social withdrawal was researched.The mediating effect of emotion comprehension between social information-processing and social withdrawal was also discussed in this study.Study#4: Group psychological intervention on socially withdrawn preschool-children.Theoretically based on “An Integrated Model of Emotion Processes and Cognition in Social Information Processing” and cognitive-behavior therapy,taking the results from previous empirical study,Study#2 and Study#3 into consideration,a comprehensive intervention plan for socially withdrawn preschool-children was developed.Dividing 72 socially withdrawn preschool-children into experimental group and control group,the function of our intervention plan on reducing children's social withdrawal and improving the children's ability in social information-processing and emotion comprehension was recorded.The study obtains a series of conclusions as following:1.Among children,detection rate of children's social-withdrawal is 44.3%,a little higher compared with previous studies,in which the incidence of inhibitory behavior is 10.8%,the incidence of passive isolation is 11.4%,the incidence of active isolation is 12.0%.There is significant variation of detection rate of children's social-withdrawal in children of different ages,the maximum rate is in 4-years-old children,and decrease in 3-years-old childrenand 5-years-old children,the minimum appears in 6-years-old children.While gender,single child family or not,caregivers type and family social economic status don't have significant correlation with social withdrawal.2.Social Information Processing Interview–preschool version(SIPI-P)(Chinese Version)has good reliability and validity,coincides with the requirement of psychological measurement theory.It is a reliable and valid tool to observe the characteristics of social information-processingin Chinesesocial-withdrawal group.In non-hostile-refusal story situation: The encoding ability of control group is obviously higher thanactive isolation group and passive isolation group.In competence response ability,control group is best,active isolation groupis worse than control group but better thaninhibitory behavior group and passive isolation group is the worst.In aggressive responseability,passive isolation group is best,active isolation groupis worse than passive isolation group but better than inhibitory behavior group and control group is the worst.In incompetent/withdrawal responseability,inhibitory behavior group is best,passive isolation groupis worse than inhibitory behavior group but better than control group and active isolation group is the worst.In hostile-refusal story situation: The encoding ability of control group is obviously higher than active isolation group,generation capability of reaction quantity of control group is obviously higher than those of inhibitory behavior group and passive isolation group.Innon-hostile-aggressive story situation:The encoding ability of control group is obviously higher than passive isolation group,inhibitory behavior group and passive isolation group.Generation capability of reaction quantity of control group is dramatically higher than those of passive isolationgroup and inhibitory behaviorgroup.In competence responseability,passive isolation group is best,controlgroupis worse than passive isolation group but better than inhibitory behavior group and active isolation group is the worst.In aggressive responseability,inhibitory behavior group is best,passive isolation groupis worse than inhibitory behavior group but better than active isolation group and control group is the worst.In incompetent/withdrawal responseability,active isolation group is best,inhibitory behaviorgroupis worse than active isolation group but better than control group and passive isolation group is the worst.Inhostile-aggressive story situation: the encoding ability of control group is notably higher than that of inhibitory behavior group.3.Integral emotion comprehension ability of control group,passive isolation group and active isolation groupare remarkably higher than that of inhibitory behavior group;facial expression recognition ability of control group,passive isolation group and active isolation groupare significantly higher than that of inhibitory behavior group;ability of understanding emotion based on desire of passive isolation group is obviously higher than that of active isolation group,ability of understanding emotion based on desire of control group is obviously higher than those of inhibitory behavior group and active isolation group;ability of understanding emotion based on belief of passive isolation group and control group are outstandingly higher than those of inhibitory behavior group and active isolation group;ability of emotion regulation of control group is higher than active isolation group and inhibitory behavior group,ability of emotion regulation of passive isolation group is higher than inhibitory behavior group;ability of understanding hiding emotion of active isolation group is obviously higher than those of control group,passive isolation group and inhibitory behavior group;ability of understanding mixed emotion of active isolation group,passive isolation group and control group are obviously higher than that of inhibitory behavior group.There is a distinct negative correlation between children's emotion comprehension and children's social-withdrawal.The significant negative correlation also exists between social withdrawal and social information-processing.Emotion comprehension and social information-processing have an obviously positive correlation.social withdrawal and social information-processing have an obviously negative correlation.The understanding emotionvariables which have significant negative prediction function on total withdrawal score are understanding of emotion regulation,understanding of emotion based on desire and understanding of emotion based on belief.The social information-processing variable is encoding.The understanding emotion variables which have significant negative prediction function on inhibitory behaviorare facial expression recognitionand understanding of emotion regulation.The social information-processing variable which has significant negative prediction function is reaction quantity.The understanding emotion variables which have significant negative prediction function on active isolationare understanding of emotion based on desireand understanding of emotion regulation,which have significant positive prediction function are understanding of mixed emotionand facial expression recognition.The social information-processing variable which has significant negative prediction function is encoding.There is complete mediating effect of total emotion comprehension score between interpretation and inhibitory behavior.There is also complete mediating effect of total emotion comprehension score between reaction quantity and inhibitory behavior.Partial mediating effect of facial expression recognition exists between reaction quantity and inhibitory behavior.Partial mediating effect of understanding of emotion regulation exists between reaction quantity and inhibitory behavior.4.The intervention plan can effectively reduce socially withdrawn preschool-children's integral withdrawal behavior,inhibitory behavior,passiveisolationand active isolation,improve socially withdrawn preschool-children's ability in encoding,interpretation,response access or construction(reaction quantity),integral emotion understanding,facial expression recognition,understanding of emotion based on desire and understanding of emotion regulation.It has both good instant and lasting effect.At the same time,it has little intervention on socially withdrawn preschool-children's ability in understanding of emotion based on belief.