Marx's Concept Of "History"

To different understanding of Marx's concept of "history", can form different historical idea, history concept determines how to describe the basic principles of historical materialism. In a natural principles the historical idea of historical materialism, historical materialism can be scientific, evidence-based; By historical principles the historical idea of historical materialism, historical materialism is the philosophy of history. It is based on this logical relationship, this article selected topic for Marx's concept of "history", discusses thoughts origin of Marx's philosophy; Comb the history of marxist philosophy, adhere to the marxist theorist of two historical idea of historical materialism, narrative; Investigation of the historical concept of Marx's concept of "history" and its forming process, designed to clear the principle of Marx's concept of "history" is the principle of historicism, Marx is based on historical principles form the history of ideas, to describe structure and constructing historical materialism theory, and explain the essence of Marx's philosophy and traditional is the tradition of historical philosophy, instead of rational tradition of natural science. Therefore, books specifically on the structure is divided into five chapters, the introduction and the text frame are arranged as following:Introduction:the concept of historical materialism and the historical.The introduction focuses on three questions:One is the concept of set. This article selected topic for Marx's concept of "history". Chose to investigate this problem, the main is that kind of thought that as long as it is for a long time in the narrative principle of historical materialism, it must be a "historical" interpretation of historical materialism. In fact, with naturalism historical idea to interpret the principle of historical materialism, historical materialism becomes a natural science, empirical science. This interpretation of historical materialism principle is a history, it is does not conform to the traditional philosophy of history of marxist philosophy. In the introduction of the first questions the first is set history, historical idea and historical materialism, the logic relation of three concepts, correct understanding of historical materialism, must have a correct concept of history, the principle of historical idea is determined by the concept of "history". Through the analysis, clearly pointed out that this article LiTi meaning, as well as the principle of this paper to determine the historicism is Marx's concept of "history" and the principle of historical idea, tradition of marxist philosophy is philosophy of history tradition. Two is the new interpretation of the marxist philosophy. Colin wood in the book "the idea of history", and the marxist philosophy belongs to review Marx's thought in traditional western history philosophy. This requests us from Marx to western philosophy of history of inheritance and change the Angle to interpret Marx's philosophy, from the western philosophy of history, the traditional view of marxist philosophy. In the second question, the first is simply to comb the history of western philosophy of history, concept, there are two main types, a priori principles of history of historical idea and scientific logical thinking principle. Points out that Marx's view on history is the inheritance and change with them. Secondly, expounds the principle of Marx's philosophy of history, including three aspects:(1) the reality person is the precondition of history;(2) the history of the generation process is practice, namely the process of creative activities;(3) the machine big industrial production is a concept of "history" and the reality of the historical idea formation premise.Third is to the understanding of the historical materialism. The third problem is mainly in this paper, the second international marxist theorists; Represented by Lenin, Stalin's Soviet marxist theorists; Traditional Chinese textbooks for the interpretation of historical materialism. Which in this problem, mainly talk about the tendency to naturalism, positivism, economic determinism interpretation of marxist philosophy of the second international marxism theorist. Through the interpretation of these ideas of marxist theorist, is found due to its natural principles interpretation the historical idea of historical materialism, they are the historical features of historical materialism, the history of historical materialism, on the one hand, is a wrong interpretation of the historical materialism, error to understand the nature of Marx's philosophy and traditional; On the other hand also hindered the development of historical materialism.Four is Marx's historical idea of a new discovery. Mainly elaborated from the lab ora to gramsci; From Luxembourg to lukacs their interpretation of the history of marxist philosophy principles. First elaborated the second international marxism theorist in the lab to transform Italian history with historical materialism philosophy tradition, historical idea of historical principles to explain marxism materialism created the tradition of "practice philosophy". Gramsci inherited his theory, the principle of historicism to expand in the field of People's Daily lives, with the "absolute history" to define the marxist philosophy, created the marxist philosophy of culture and philosophical tradition; Secondly expounds the Luxembourg definition of marxist philosophy as historical dialectics, think dialectics of totality is Marx's dialectics. Lukacs inherited her thoughts, overall development to the role of class consciousness, in-depth to the capitalism critique of everyday life, to create the history of the marxist critique of dialectics. They are historical interpretation principles of marxist philosophy, won the new development of marxist philosophy. From their reading, we discovered the principle of Marx's historicist view on history.Five is the paper's structure and research methods. In this paper, the structure of the chapter is the introduction and the body five; Origin of method of this study is to learn the method and the method of scientific criticism.The first chapter thoughts origin of Marx's view on historyThis chapter in four sections. Marx is the criticism on the basis of inheriting predecessors'theory, a philosophical study, the understanding of the history, we put Marx's philosophy in the philosophy of history in traditional research, the study of Marx's concept of "history" and the thought origin of historical idea. First is to rethink the young Marx and Hegel, Hegel (the main is discussed in this paper and Powell) relationship. About their relationship, previous studies mainly from the rational Angle to think, and this article is from the perspective of historical philosophy thinking. Secondly, from the people ignore the relationship between Marx and vico, thus understanding of Marx's philosophy is traditional western history philosophy. Is three times of Marx's critique of political economy again, this is from the perspective of historical philosophy is discussed. People used to the understanding of marxist political economics is economics, but in fact, Marx is in the history of the critique of political economics principles. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses the four thought origin.The first section mainly expounds Marx's criticism of Hegel's philosophy of history and inheritance. First of all, the critique of Hegel's idealism system choked his historicism in the philosophy and the development of dialectics. At the same time, Marx inherited from Hegel's historical consciousness and the dialectical thinking. Second, the criticism of Hegel's law philosophy, has criticized Hegel upside down the country, the law and civil society, the relationship between the subjects into a predicate, object into subject. Therefore, Hegel's law philosophy is a practical, also can't solve the contradictions and problems in reality. In critical and at the same time, Marx has inherited Hegel's concept of civil society, and thus gain the entrance into the modern society of sensibility. Once again, criticizing Hegel's speculative dialectics. Marxist historicism to improve general and individual the dialectic thought and the principle of the negative dialectics, the dialectics of reduction in both history and reality, thus transform the dialectics of Hegel, which changes the dialectics to explain the movement of human history historical dialectics.The second section mainly expounds Marx's criticism of Powell's philosophy and inheritance. First of all, this paper expounds Marx inherited from Powell:critical spirit and subjectivity. Secondly, this paper expounds the philosophy of Marx to Powell in1843"on jewish problem"; In1844, the "holy family"; In1845?1845,"the German ideology," Mr Powell's idealism for the critique. Marx mainly criticizes Powell's philosophy of self-awareness. Powell's self consciousness is full, there is no inherent contradiction and self-denial, and Marx's self consciousness is the need to constantly sublimate itself, to development. Corrected their idealism Powell adverse effects caused by the improper understanding, clearing his relationship with the time of youth Hegel.The third section mainly elaborated is the father of Marx philosophy in history, vico criticism and inheritance of the history of philosophy. First of all, it is revealed that Marx inherited vico's "people create their own history" tradition of historical philosophy. Next, it is elaborated the Marx with vico is different, in fact both of vico's critique of the philosophy of history, is also on his transcendence. Marx transcend vico place mainly reflected in the dialectical reason you started.The fourth section mainly expounds the marxist critique of political economy. Usually, the people of marxist political economics as an independent science, believe that political economics is the study of capitalist production relations, Marx reveals the bourgeois economic operation rule of concrete science. This view is wrong, founded by Marx's theory of political economy, not from concrete scientific view of political economics, but the political economics as the historical science and historical materialism is the principles and theories of political economics, Marx's political economics is a part of Marx's historical philosophy. Marx's political economy is capitalist production relations, reveal the bourgeois rule of economic operation, but the final purpose of Marx's political economics research is through reveal the creation, development and dissolution of capitalism development rule, to reveal the universal law of historical development, human society for people to be free, self-fulfilling road. So, political economics, how to do? It needs a kind of method, Marx's dialectics. Marx's first is the inheritance of Hegel's dialectics, but Hegel's dialectic was his idealism shell tightly wrapped, lose their ability to critique of reality. How to completely get rid of Hegel's dialectics idealism shell, with the form of sensibility, becoming the creation of political economics, Marx's political economics history science? Three times through the critique of political economics, Marx dialectics from form and content have been perceptual form and historical dialectics of construction has become a reality. Historical dialectics is not only a kind of mechanism analysis of capitalist mode of production, reveal the essence of capitalism contradictions and arguments proletarian revolutionary method, and through the critique of political economics with content theory of historical science.The second chapter the formation of Marx's view on historyThe second chapter, a total of five section, mainly expounds the forming process of Marx's view on history. With the principle of historicism in philosophy research, Marx historical facts, eventually formed his own view on history. The formation of the concept of marks of Marx's philosophy of history, its rich and development is also the enrichment and development of Marx's philosophy of history. Marx's historical concept with rich content, contains the history origin, historical subject and historical essence, historical process, the historical development and basic provisions of the law and so on, these regulations jointly construct the history of Marx's ideas. Here, I use origin study method combing Marx again from "doctoral thesis" to "about feuerbach's compendium" and "German ideology" of intellectual history, formation and content of Marx's view on history.The first section mainly analyses Marx's doctoral dissertation, shows that in the young Marx's thinking, is the history of the concept of "history" the understanding of the principles, but was still in bud period, Marx has not really realized. This understanding is reflected in his doctoral thesis embodies the spirit of freedom and practice.The second section mainly analysis in "criticism on Hegel's legal philosophy", Marx of criticizing Hegel's law philosophy and the criticism was based on the "history" of the mediation. Found from the critique of "civil society" historical category, for Marx it from speculative rational world into the reality of modern society opened the door.The third section mainly analysis in "economic and philosophical manuscripts in1844", Marx began his critique of political economy for the first time, has realized the political economics as the philosophy of history research activities and to understanding the essence of the history and found that motivation, regularity of historical development, explore the way of human liberation."Economic and philosophical manuscripts in1844" mainly through around the concept of "alienated labor", solve the riddle of history ". This is the history of Marx concept has existed.The fourth section mainly analyses Marx's "holy family". In "holy family", Marx thoroughly liquidate their relationship with the previous philosophical beliefs, explicitly points out that the historical materialism social consciousness and social relationship, a basic problem correctly solve the relationship between general and individual, and development in the past about human freedom and liberation of thought, has been clear about the proletarian revolution become realize people's freedom and liberation, is the historical revolution of the proletariat. The proletariat revolution is to further enrich the development of Marx's theory of capitalism, Marx's historical dialectics got more complete perceptual forms. On "holy family", Marx puts forward and discusses the historical theory and historical concept increasingly rich, deepen.The fifth section mainly analyzes the Marx's outline about feuerbach and the German ideology."About feuerbach's compendium" was the beginning of the formation of Marx's historical materialism, it is Marx's critique of all the old materialism of feuerbach included) the outline of the article, the expression of Marx's practice viewpoint, constitute a basic part of Marx's historical principles, practice. That person's creative activities has been formed."German ideology" is a sign that the formation of historical materialism. Marx and Engcls comprehensively and systematically discusses the basic principle of historical materialism, the new world view has been formed, Marx's view on history is formed.The third chapter about of practice, dialectic and historyThe third chapter is divided into two sections, mainly elaborates several important concepts:historical idea of historical, practical and dialectic relationship.The first Section mainly discusses the relationship between the history and practice, Marx reveals the emphasis on practical role in the history, the history also fully affirmed in practice. History and foundation of practice is based on each other, each other, the dialectical unity, practice is the basis and according to the history, no one is the creation of the activity, not practical, history can not be there; History is the nature of practice, lack of history, practice is vague and abstract.The second section mainly discusses the relationship between history and dialectics. Marx's dialectics is historic, history is dialectical, historical and dialectic unification in practice, the history is to the reality person self creation, self realization in historical activities.The fourth chapter historical idea of natureThe fourth'chapter points two, mainly discusses under the historical idea of historical principles, how Marx's understanding of the concept of "nature". Historicism history conception of nature, natural and not natural not literally just nature independent of man's practice and history, Marx think nature is a social category, is under the condition of the machine big industrial and commercial asset class and formed simultaneously with the people form a social nature.The first section mainly deals with "practice" mediated the relationship between history and nature. Marx think nature and history are the unity of opposites, they are opposites and unity are implemented in the human practice activity, especially in material production activities, which we are faced with the natural historical activity is part of nature, history is human transform nature of practice process, practice is the key to the correct understanding of the relationship between the nature and history.The second section mainly discusses the relationship between individuals, society and nature. Marx in the practice, on the basis of analyzing the reality person (the historical main body) and the dialectical relationship between nature, society and the organic unity and dynamic changes, and reveal the history of the individual, nature, society existence and development.The fifth chapter history of historical ideaThe fifth chapter three sections, mainly discusses the understanding of Marx's historical idea of history is the history of the world,The first section mainly discusses the research development of human history, Marx started with capitalist society structure (system), Marx tries to through the study of capitalism, to study and know before capitalism, and replace the capitalism society new social form, namely communism. Marx is the analysis of capitalism, this process form capitalism theory formation theory of world history at the same time, reveals the formation and development of capitalism and the formation and development of the history of the world are each other each other, the two are closely related.The second section mainly discusses the Orient in the capitalist world history, will be affected by the capitalist mode of production and control. But the Oriental society with its own characteristics, through the struggle, yield, study, change, the choice of passive or active existence and development of our nation's roads, and the trajectory is not completely in accordance with the law of development of capitalist production, travel, make the development of the history of the world presents diversity.The third section mainly discusses Marx criticized the capitalist mode of production, revealing the inherent contradictions of capitalism and the nature, reveals the capitalist society development trend is communism. Communism is human self-realization, reflected the freedom and comprehensive development of each person. Marx pointed out that communism is not only a kind of social form, is also a real revolutionary movement, communism is not, as some people to understand, is far from our reality, has nothing to do with the current practice. Communism as reality and the future of the historical development inevitable trend of the social form, is closely connected with human development and historical development, understand the history of dialectics, can make us grasp communist person (individual) of the development of the profound meaning and historical development.