Studies On The Tianjin Modern Police During The Period Of Peking Government (1912-1928)

The generation and development of modern Tianjin police system is a epitome of modern Chinese political culture,which is of certain representativeness and demonstrativeness in the development history of Chinese police.Modern Tianjin police is not only the practical products of the Qing government's new policy,but also the inevitable results of the transplantation and effects of police system of different countries in Tianjin concession area,and the need to reform policy for social development of modern Tianjin.In 1902,allied forces returned to Tianjin on condition of stationing with only 20 miles away from Tianjin.How to maintain the social order of Tianjin in the absence of troops,and to ensure the safety of the city has become an important issue related to the safety of the port and even Beijing.The modern police system in Tianjin was created under this opportunity.In the construction of Yuan Shikai and his successor,Tianjin police soon showed its superiority in the maintenance of social order and protection of the safety of the city.The Qing government will serve it as a model in the whole country and directly promoted the pace of National Police Administration.After entering the Republic of China,by the influence of the times,the influence of Tianjin police on the national police is not as clear as that in the late Qing dynasty.However,the government and the police have not stopped the improvement of the police system and the police have continued to play their historical role.The existing studies on the history of modern Tianjin police are concentrated in the late Qing Dynasty.The attention to the Peking Government is insufficient and the research perspective is single.In this paper,based on the results of previous studies,it sets one of the four major newspapers in the Republic of China,Social Welfare Tientsin,as the main data sources and pays more attention to the mutual confirmation of unofficial historical data and official historical data.The Social Welfare Tientsin has religious background,but it isn't a religious periodical.The founder,Vincent Lebbe and other core journalists always took clear-cut stand against imperialist invasion in China,against the unjust political acts.Social Welfare Tientsin rises to fame and becomes the Tianjin newspaper like Ta Kun Pao.The record with rich content and appropriate praise for Tianjin police supplies valuable first-hand information to the writing of this paper.Based on the main historical data,this paper will restore the modern Tianjin police to the historical situation.Under the background of the period of the Peking Government,this paper analyzes the self-construction,multiple functions and the role of the police in Tianjin during this period,in order to understand its development context,analyze the characteristics of the times,clarify its social role,and to explore the role of Tianjin police in the process of social development in modern Tianjin.Through the investigation of the problems above,we can find that compared with the late Qing Dynasty,the development of Tianjin police during the Beiyang period was slightly inferior.Although Tianjin police has suffered from the development of gloomy period because of turmoil,still has made significant progress and is still at a more advanced level in the country.During the period of Beiyang Government,the police in Tianjin took on a wide range of duties.It not only strengthens the control of the society by attacking the crime,maintaining the economic order,controlling the political freedom of the people,but also sets the city,road,health and other municipal management as well as purging the social atmosphere,the development of charity into their responsibility scope.The reason is not only caused by the influence of political ecology,but also the objective need of social development.Looking from the social development effects of the police in Tianjin,the following aspects need to be noted.First of all,the Tianjin police enhances the level of modernization of social security management by improving the police network,changing the concept of law enforcement,increasing the rule of law,strengthening the construction of the team and other initiatives.In this process,Tianjin police play a certain role in maintaining social order and easing social contradictions.Secondly,the role of the police municipal management has changed the situation that the traditional Tianjin local administration and urban management functions are unified.The police district setting and multi-azimuth management of the city lays the foundation for the establishment of the Tianjin municipal authority.Thirdly,whether the self improvement of civilization,or the intervention in all areas of society has a certain influence on the change of the backward life style,the cultivation of public consciousness and the improvement of the social atmosphere.All these played a positive effect in the process of modernization in modern Tianjin.