Relationship Among Entrepreneurial Intention And Personality, Entrepreneurial Education Between Students' Of Chinese And American

Entrepreneurship is the process of taking advantage of different resource combinations to develop opportunities and create values, without being restricted by the existing resource condition. Entrepreneurial intention is a kind of subjective attitude that the potential entrepreneur has regarded the entrepreneurial activity. Gollwitzer and Brandsttter put forward the concept of “Goal Intention” and “Implementation Intention” in the research of intention issues. Goal Intention represents in the form as “I intend to achieve X”, in which X refers to the final state that is intended. The result of forming the goal intention gives the entrepreneur a sense of commitment to the final state. Nevertheless, goal intention is only the prerequisite for pursuing the goal, as the pursuit process may terminate or postpone. As to this issue, Implementation Intention can alleviate it and facilitate the generation of goal-oriented behavior. Implementation intention shows in this way “I intend to do Y when situation Z happens.” In this intention, the goal state is lowered from a higher abstract level. And the specific goal-oriented behavior is connected with the situation. Thus, the opportunity is connected with the goal-oriented behavior. Only with the implementation intention can the individual take goal-oriented behavior in facing critical situations.The theory of planned behavior and the entrepreneurship event model indicate that entrepreneurial intention is not only predicted by the individual internal factors, such as personality and self-efficacy, but also influenced by the external social environment, including culture, education and family, etc. Therefore, this paper selects the university students from China and America with different cultural backgrounds as the subject. While assuming Entrepreneurial Education and the Big Five to jointly predict the entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy is regarded as the mediating variable between the entrepreneurial education and the entrepreneurial intention, as well as between the Big Five and entrepreneurial intention. All the three factors, namely, self-efficacy, entrepreneurial education, and the Big Five co-influence the entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention.The first research of this paper explores the basic characteristics of entrepreneurial intention for the Chinese university students, so as to find if there are differences between different genders, university types, majors, and family environments. The second research compares the differences of the entrepreneurial intention between the Chinese and American university students under the two cultural backgrounds, and finds if there are differences of entrepreneurial intention between different genders and family backgrounds. The third research analyzes the differences between the Chinese and American university students regarding the relationship between the entrepreneurial intention and their own personality features and tendency, in the context of different cultural backgrounds. The fourth research compares the differences of the entrepreneurial education situation, as well as the relationships between the entrepreneurial education situation and the entrepreneurial intention between the Chinese and American university students, in the context of different cultural backgrounds. The fifth research compares the mediating effect of the entrepreneurial self-efficacy among the personality, entrepreneurial education, and entrepreneurial intention, between the Chinese and American university students, as well as the regulating effect of gender and the entrepreneurial experience of family members.The paper comes to the following conclusions according to the results of the five researches:(1) Chinese university students have significant differences on the entrepreneurial intention between different genders. In terms of majors, sports and arts majors have evidently higher entrepreneurial intention than the other ones. Local college students have notably higher entrepreneurial intention than the students of national key universities. The entrepreneurial experience of family members has evidently main effect on the entrepreneurial intention.(2) Remarkable differences exist between the Chinese and American university students on the entrepreneurial intention. The latter is evidently higher than the former. In terms of gender difference, the Chinese university students are more obvious than the American students regarding the entrepreneurial intention. The entrepreneurial experience of family members has certain influence on the students from both countries.(3) Regarding the Big Five tendency, the Chinese and American university students have remarkable difference on the Openness to experience and Conscientiousness, i.e., the Chinese students have much higher conscientiousness than the American students, while the latter has much higher openness to experience. For the Chinese students, their openness to experience and extraversion can have notable positive prediction of the entrepreneurial goal intention, and their extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism can have notable positive prediction of the entrepreneurial implementation intention, while their agreeableness shows notable negative prediction of the entrepreneurial intention. For the American students, their extraversion and conscientiousness show obvious positive prediction of the entrepreneurial intention, and the agreeableness shows obvious positive prediction of the entrepreneurial goal intention.(4) There exist evident differences of the entrepreneurial education between the Chinese and American university students. The entrepreneurial education of the American students is evidently higher than that of the Chinese students. The entrepreneurial education of the Chinese and American university students can clearly predict the entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention.(5) There is no noticeable difference on the entrepreneurial self-efficacy between the Chinese and American university students. The entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between the entrepreneurial education and the entrepreneurial goal intention, as well as implementation intention. The entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays the role of partial mediation between the extraversion and the entrepreneurial goal intention, between the extraversion and the entrepreneurial implementation intention, and between the conscientiousness and the entrepreneurial implementation intention. For the Chinese university students, their entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays the role of full mediation between the conscientiousness and the entrepreneurial goal intention, while, for the American university students, their entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays the role of partial mediation between the conscientiousness and the entrepreneurial goal intention. The agreeableness of the Chinese university students influences the entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention through the partial mediation effect of the entrepreneurial self-efficacy. For the Chinese university students, gender has regulating effect on the entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, intention, and the Big Five model, while for the American students, it has no regulating effect on the model. The entrepreneurial behavior of family members has differences in the models for both countries' students. The gender difference mainly shows through the relationship between the personality and the entrepreneurial intention, while the difference of family entrepreneurial behavior mainly shows through the relationship between the personality and the entrepreneurial self-efficacy.