Research On Characteristics Of Muscle Force During Straight Jump Technique And Special Strength Training For Elite Trampoline Gymnasts

The straight jump is a basic technique on the trampoline,which is the premise and foundation to master of high-difficulty movements.If athletes mastered characteristics of muscle force and the timing of the peak during straight jump technique,can be relatively easily complete airborne difficult movements.Since 2011,height is often the defining factor in competition as the Time of Flight score is added to the total.Coach and athletes special attention to difficulty and height in competition,and increase the hardness of trampoline bed in the London games,all requirement fitness of athletes,especially the strength performance.Purpose:(1)By studying the straight jump technique of kinematics and muscle characteristics of gymnasts from chinese national trampoline team athletes,to summarize characteristic of muscle force during straight jump technique,provides the basis for the special strength training for athletes.(2)Special strength training methods for trampoline,screening and optimization for coaches and gymnasts draw up a training plan,improve the quality of technique and reduce the incidence of sports injury to provide the reference.Methods: High-speed camera(Sony NEX-FS700)and wireless telemetering system(DELSYS s EMG)are used to investigate synchronized the straight jump techniques of athletes,the dominant kinematics and muscles exerting force were measured and evaluated in the study.And on this basis,by the method of expert questionnaire,expert interviews and field observation,to screen and optimize the special strength training methods of trampoline and by experimental method to verify the effectiveness of the special strength training means.Conclusions:1.Trampoline athletes need special strength are mainly focus on upper limbs explosive force,lower limbs explosive power,waist and abdomen strength and special strength endurance,which is given priority to with lower limbs and waist under explosive force.2.Depressing and rising phase are the major exerting force stage of a straight jump.Time is essential to the maximum height,trampoline gymnasts is consistent in forcibly rhythm in contact phase stage of straight jump.At the same time,the hip joint degree variation is greater than the knee.3.Before touching contact bed,male and female athletes measured on the order of muscle group in the activation of differences,but in the strength of muscles about the same.From the contribution rate of each muscle doing work,the major exerting muscles are uniform in straight jumping,but the contribution rate is different.4.It showed that during bed contact phase of straight jumping,legs muscles were the major exerting muscles,and during the aerial phase of a straight jump,posterior femoral muscle and torso put forth more strength,especially in World Champion athletes.5.Male,female athletes lower limb strength in a certain degree of imbalance,characterized by the RMS values of the vastus mesialis above the vastus lateralis muscle,the medial gastrocnemius than gastrocnemius laterally.In training to strengthen vastus mesialis and vastus lateralis muscles,anterior thigh region and posterior femoral muscle group of force balance training,in order to reduce the incidence of sports injury.6.To be selected 18 kinds of trampoline special strength training means.Experiment shows that the selected special strength training means can effectively improve the lower limbs explosive force and the straight jump performance of gymnasts from Chinese national trampoline team.