Survey And Measurement Of Soldier's Marital Stress And Its Impact On Marital Quality

Background and Objective:Marriage is starting point and cornerstone of the family, as well as the most intimate and lasting relationship among all individual relationships, which has important effects on individual's growth and development. Studys found that marriage is the most important predictor of individual happiness and can explanate individual's subjective well-being as high as 41%. A happy marriage is healthy, live longer and more hopeful about life,improve work efficiency and economic levels, bring social vitality and productivity. And unfortunate marriage not only affect their own happiness, but also affect the next generation's happy, healthy growth, and academic achievement.Marriage is so important, but the marriage situation is not optimistic, there are many marriage problems in reality. For example, the divorce rate is rising in China. According to the survey data of the ministry of civil affairs, the numbers of divorce in China was up from 319000 in 1979 to 5500000 in 2016 and the divorce rate also rose from 0.33 per thousand in 1979 to 3.6 per thousand in 2016, increased by about 7 times (the ministry of civil affairs, 2016). In addition, there is very serious violence in marriage. About 30% of the body attack was happened between husband and wife in the United States, more than 400 women and 400 men was the victims of marital violence every year. Physical aggression was also existed in 20% ?30% of Chinese couples,there are nearly 50% of the Chinese couples suffered from psychological violence. Outside marital violence,daily clash is more common in Chinese couples, an-qi xu (2002) investigated that only 17% of chinese husband and wife have denied they had no conflict in a recent year among 6000 couples in Shanghai, Harbin, Guangdong, Gansu and other places of china.Above phenomenon caused great concerns among researchers of marital. The researchers conducted a large number of different types of research, trying to find the factors that affect marriage relationship and mechanism of action, expecting to find the influenced root that affect the stability of the quality of marriage. Today,as the the background factors of marital pressure to marriage quality are increasingly rich. But, in contrast with marriage pressure highly social attention, the military stress research in the field of marriage is lack. Studies have found that soldiers are prone to mental problems,about 60% of the soldiers had different degree of mental problems, psychological stress,depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder is no longer a strange disease synonymous in the army, but the proportion of seeking professional psychological help is lower. At the same time, the latest data show that Chinese military marriage status is not optimistic. The divorce rate is increasing in general year of military families. It can be seen from the survey data of a border forces,in 2013, only this year,there are 33 couples'marriage burst,the number has reached 6% of the number of troops. Through data of a few years ago, in the late ninetys, only a dozen, accounting for 3% of the total, while in the eightys, only 3 couples divorce, less than 1% of the total. So, what is military marriage pressure characteristics? What form? How will the psychological pressure influence the quality of military marriage? Few studies, most studies have only on experience level, the discussion of empirical research and the inspection is needed.Therefore,this study first embarks from the qualitative research,preliminary discuss the characteristics of culture characteristics in Chinese military marriage pressure and its influence to the marital quality, based on which we will formulate the appropriate measurement tools. Then, we will adopt quantitative research method to test our military marriage pressure characteristics and its impact on marital quality.Methods:the present stuty was divided into the following 3 parts.1.Part one: The current study first conducted the qualitative interview on married soldiers at different stages of family life cycle to preliminarily investigate the form of Soldier,s marital Stress and its impact on marital quality,based on which we will developed the measuring instrument for Soldier 's marital Stress.2.Part two: On the basis of study one, we used stratifying convenience sampling to conduct the quantitative research. we developed the measuring instrument for Soldier 's marital Stress through pilot test, first try, formal testing.3.Part three: Through a large sample questionnaire survey, we explore the characteristic of Soldier 's marital Stress and its impact on marital quality and the mechanism.Results:1?qualitative research result:(1) About the form of military marriage pressure, through the analysis of 48 married soldiers interview data, comparison and adjustment, there are 34 level coding and 5 secondary coding categories;(2) About military pressure on the quality of the marriage, this study based on the discourse analysis of 48 married soldiers, through analysis and comparison of the interview data, we get 8 level coding and 2 secondary coding categories.2?Quantitative research results:(1) EFA analysis results show that 4 soldiers marriage public factor can be extracted from the pressure data, named respectively: marriage and family pressure (16 items),professional work (11 items), negative event pressure task (10 items) and stress (6 items),model fitting index for: chi square = 1396.207 *,df= 737, TLI = 0.916, CFI = 0.987,SRMR = 0.031, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.049 (0.042, 0.042), the fitting index is ideal.(2) CFA analysis results show that the theoretical model of marital stress questionnaire is second order single factor and one order four factors model, the model fitting index is ideal, military marriage pressure questionnaire of each subject in its load on the first-order factor is between 0.648 ?0.924 (generally higher than 0.7),and both in (p <0.001) significant level, which means the title of the questionnaire is appropriate. the first-order factor on the second-order factor of load are between 0.769 ?0.917, at p < 0.001 significant level,shows that the questionnaire structure is good.(3) The dimensions and overall internal consistency coefficient of of military marriage pressure questionnaire is between 0.837 ?0.954, Split - half coefficient is between 0.783 ?0.942, the weight coefficient measurement is between 0.844 ?0.901,which shows that military marriage stress questionnaire has good reliability.3?The questionnaire survey results:(1) The mean score of Soldier 's marital Stress is 1.519 (SD=0.77 ), comparing with the mean score of total questionnaires of 5, which means that Soldier 's marital Stress is at lower levels. The total score of marital quality is 134.34, comparing with the score of total questionnaires of 154, which means that Soldier's marital quality is at higher levels.(2) Soldier 's marital Stress was significantly and negatively correlated with Soldier's marital quality (r=-0.23 ?-0.51,P <0.01) .Soldier's marital Stress negatively predict Soldier 's marital quality (p=-0.797, P <0.001) . Coping style was found to mediate the association between Soldier 's marital Stress and Soldier 's marital quality.This model's fit statistics indicated a well-fitting model, X2 (400) =654.38, X2/df=1.636,CFI=0.975, TLI=0.921, RMSEA=0.049, R2=0.665, suggested a good fit between the model and the data. Social support significantly moderated Soldier 's marital Stress. Social suppor×Soldier 's marital Stress positively predict Soldier 's marital quality (?=0.102, P<0.001).(3) In hybrid model, This model's fit statistics indicated a well-fitting model, x2(41) =85,x2/df=2.07,CFI=0.962, TLI=0.926,RMSEA=0.046, suggested a good fit between the model and the data. Social support's direct effect was not significant (Social support X marital Stress?marital quality, ?=0.07, P>0.05). Coping style's indirect effect was significant (marital Stress ?coping style , ?=0.416, p<0.001 ; coping style ?marital quality , ?=-0.232, p<0.001). (Social support ×marital Stress?coping style, ?=-0.165,p<0.001 ; coping style?marital quality, ?=-0.232, p<0.001),Social support is an adjustment of the mediation variables, namely the social support only through the intermediary variable of coping styles have indirect moderate effect on marital quality.Conclusions:(1) Qualitative research conclusion: According to the interview,the Soldier 's marital Stress in Chinese culture includes professional and work pressure, marriage and family pressure, economic pressure, negative events pressure and stress task pressure. The Soldier 's marital Stress has both direct and indirect influence on marital quality, and can lead to both positive and negative consequence.(2) Quantitative research conclusion: The scale for measuring Soldier's marital Stress contained four dimensions,including professional and work pressure,marriage and family pressure, negative events pressure and stress task pressure. The scale is proved to be reliable and valid.(3) The questionnaire survey conclusion: Soldier's marital Stress scores is at lower levels compared with scores of total questionnaires. professional and work pressure scored the highest, marriage and family pressure, while negative events pressure scored the lowest.Sodiers' marital quality is significantly higher than the general peaples. Gender,cohabitation or not, own house or not, family life cycle, separation or not, Double soldiers or not can affect Soldier 's marital Stress and marital quality. Soldier 's marital Stress is significantly correlated with marital quality, and its can negatively predicted marital quality. Coping style can mediate the relationship between Soldier 's marital Stress and marital quality. Soldier 's marital Stress predicted marital quality via coping style.Soldier 's marital Stress negatively predicted positive coping style, and positively predicted marital quality via positive coping style. Soldier 's marital Stress positively predicted negative coping style, and negatively predicted marital quality via negative coping style.Social support is a moderator of the relationship between Soldier's marital stress and marital quality. High levels of social support, marital quality is higher too, and with the increaseing of marital Stress,narital quality's declining speed is lower than the lower social support. The higher level of social support, the lower affect of marital stress on marital quality.In hybrid model, Social support can not play a directly moderating effect between the relationship of Soldier 's marital stress and marital quality, but the moderating effect of social support can play throughing coping style on marital quality.