Research On The Promotion Model Of Physical Activity Of Adolescents In China Under The Perspective Of Social Ecology

The pandemic of physical inactivity should be the public health priority, and has become an important global issue. Determinants of physical activity (PA) and how to promote adolescents PA has become a research hotspot in international sports science and public health area. Social ecology model has been widely applied in physical activity influence analysis and intervention study. But most of the results were from the western developed countries, had different views about the reasons of physical inactivity and then had different PA promotion mode. Under the Chinese characteristic education, the humanities and the social environment, adolescents physical activity promotion should have its special ways. So analyzing the influence on adolescent PA in our country,exploring the mechanism of the facts, and constructing the local PA promotion mode, are still more important problems to be solved in the theory and practice.Based on the perspective of social ecological systems theory, used literature analysis method, questionnaire survey method, case study method, firstly, this study established the adolescent PA social ecological system that described the different levels factors, and their interactive characteristics on adolescent PA. From the data of questionnaire, the authors developed and verified a social ecology factors structure. Then, combined management,health promotion theory, the author built the adolescent PA promotion social ecosystem model (APAP-SEM), and illustrated the effectiveness of this model from case study of the Jiangsu Student Physical Fitness Promotion Project. The results showed that:1) the reasons of adolescents physical inactivity were from social ecological system itself, factors in different levels of the system and their interaction restricted the adolescent PA level. The individual level influences mainly included social demography variables (i.e.,gender, age, BMI), PA self-efficacy, cognitive, PA attitude etc.. Community level influences included teachers, physical education, school, family and community software and hardware environment etc. Social support level facts come from the social support of parents, peers, teachers, and their friends.2) exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis results also proved a 6-factor model had a factor structure with high factor loadings (between 0.56-0.86, p<0.05),acceptable fit indices (RMSEA=0.056; NFI=0.879; CFI=0.907,IFI=0.908);3)adolescent PA promotion was a comprehensive social ecological systems engineering. All of us should take part in this project. For the government, We should establish PA promotion organization and related policy, fully play a leading role in administrative departments; for the PA promotion projects, we should invite the experts in this area, and give them full scope to the skills and talents to ensure the scientificity of projects; for the management processes, six related processes (i.e. PA and environments diagnosis, education organization diagnosis, management policy diagnosis, processes evaluation, effectiveness evaluation, and results evaluation) improved the effectiveness and efficiency of project implementation; and then the adolescent PA promotion social ecological system model (APAP-SEM) was formed;4) the case study of Jiangsu Student Physical Health Promotion Project further proved the effectiveness of the APAP-SEM. With this mode of three years'operation,(1) Jiangsu province had established a perfect PA promotion organizational system, policy system; (2)all levels of the organization and the participants positively involved in youth PA promotion; (3) the student sports participation rate had been significantly improved; (4)the students physical fitness was improved,a number of indicators of physical fitness were better than national students. The implementation of PA promotion achieved good social benefits.APAP-SEM considered the structure of social ecological factors and their relationship on adolescents PA, and more importantly, integrated into the management process,developed the matrix type management organization structure that combining line organization and projects management, and designed line and staff authority mechanism.In practice, this model included six related processes that ensured the effectiveness of the adolescent PA promotion program design, development, and implementation. Built on the theory of management science, system science and followed the basic rules of the health promotion theory, APAP-SEM provided an implementation framework for the adolescent PA promotion, and had a strong reference value for the practitioner.