Between Market And Government:Ma Yinchu' Thinking Process On Economic Institution

In the social transformation of modern China, with the emergence of the problem of the political institution choice, the problem of the economic institution choice also gradually occurred, which became more and more important after World War I. In modern China a lot of scholars have thought about the question, both the humanities scholars and economists, among whom renowned economists Ma Yinchu also attached great importance to the problem of the economic institution choice throughout his life. His choice of economic institution sometimes overlapped with other scholars, sometimes had some differences, and sometimes had distinct interaction with the government's choice of economic institution. Because he often made judgments to the development trends of the economic institution of the world and the practical needs of Chinese society, and combined pure economic theory with China's economic reality, his choice of economic institution not only had rich connotation, but also constantly changed with the environment of the time.Specifically speaking, after World War I when the Chinese thinkers commented on economic institution, Ma Yinchu's first choice was free economy, which was the product of economic theory used to solve the problem of China's economy that he learned in the United States. In his view, China's economic problems were mainly the insufficient capital. To develop production, capital must be increased, and internal freedom policy must be implemented, external protection policy must be taken. Before and after the foundation of the Communist Party of China, he clearly expressed his free economic position in the discussion with Chinese Marxists. Such idea of free economy had not only a distinctive mark of List, but also a claim to economy equality that should not be overlooked. When the world economic panic occurred, he reflected free economy from economic theory and economic reality, and argued that China should adopt the strong points while overcoming the weak points between free economy and planned economy. After London world economic conference failed, the panic of the world economy and the world war continued to spread, and the hardship of China also deepened. Under such circumstance, Ma Yinchu clearly put forward to a local Controlled economy in which the government would not scramble for the interests with the people. While reflecting the practices of the controlled economy by the national government, he claimed that China should adopt the strong points while overcoming the weak points between planned economy, free economy and controlled economy, and became a kind of mixed economy, so should industrial operation, that is, China should learn partly from the free private economy of British and America, partly from the state-owned economy of Soviet Union, private enterpises and state-owned enterprises should coexist with each other, keep abreast with each other, and be given the same status. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese war, as the national government continued to swell the bureaucratic capital, and practiced strict controlled economy in the civil war, his ideas of the mixed economy were already impossible to practice, so he turned to the Communist Party of China and the planned economy that quickly developed after World War ?. And he also put forward to the theory of comprehensive balance and advocated to make full use of the law of value in the process of combining the experience of planned economy of Soviet Union with China's reality. In spite of being faced with strong criticism, he remained to uphold and defend.Through the process of Ma Yinchu's choice of economic institution, he always had vividly Chinese context awareness, adopted a strategy of adopting the strong points while overcoming the weak points, and adhered to the priority of production to allocation. What he thought was within the framework of the market and the government, whether it was free economy, controlled economy, mixed economy or planned economy. The changed and the unchanged in the thought of Ma Yinchu indicated that when the economists of modern China thought about the economy institution, and chose between the market and the government, purely economic pricinples was often subservient to economy reality, and judgments of the deveolopent trends of the economic institution of the world often gave way to China's national conditions.