Research On The Protective Effect And Compensation Mechanism Of Urbanization On The Cultivated Land In China

Cultivated land serves as an important foundation for providing humankind with food, and it is essential to maintain sufficient quantity of cultivated land of high quality for the sustainable development of agriculture and rural. Urbanization is an inevitable course of human progress, and a significant structural change in the human society. With the increase of the number and scope of cities, China has become increasingly urbanized. By the end of2013, China's urbanization has reached53.27%, indicating that it's in the accelerating stage of urban development. Although urbanization has brought good opportunities for China's booming cities, it also has occupied and consumed a large amount of the cultivated land, drastically decreasing the quality of the cultivated land, which has seriously threatened the national food security and ecological protection. Therefore, in the process of accelerated urbanization in China, dealing with the relationship involving the rapid growth of urban commercial land, cultivated land protection and food security is one of the key issues to ensure the healthy development of the cities.To resolve this issue, this dissertation explores the relationship between urbanization and cultivated land protection, and focuses on cultivated land protection in the process of urbanization. Here is an outline of the key concepts and research ideas in this paper:Starting from the basic concepts and theories of cultivated land protection, it analyzes the relationship between urbanization and agricultural acreage in terms of space and time, cause and effect. Also, it discusses the positive and negative effects of urbanization on cultivated land protection. Further, it explains the mechanism and manifestation of such effects. Based on the investigations on multiple dimensions such as people's cognitive ability, interest orientations and institutionalized supply, the dissertation then analyzes the "strong negative and weak positive effect" of urbanization on the cultivated land protection, and identifies its defects and causes. Lastly, it offers measures to protect cultivated land and makes policy recommenda-tions. The main contects and results of the research are as following:1. It points out the dialectical unification relations between the positive and negative effects of urbanization on cultivated land protection, that is, urbanization will effectively alleviate the pressure of cultivated land occupied while it is occupying the cultivated land. Firstly, it uses Mathematical Statistics and ArcGIS isopleth map technology to analyze the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the urban population and cultivated land area, and the causal relationship between population urbanization and non-agriculturalization cultivated land. Secondly, on the basis of this, starting from the objective development process of urbanization, it analyzes the mechanism of action and the manifestations of the positive and negative effects of urbanization on cultivated land protection. Finally, it points out that the positive and negative effect of urbanization on cultivated land protection is the objective phenomenon in the urbanization. It is the performance of self-circulation mechanism of the whole ecological system. It is also a kind of self-restore and self-balance ability.The positive and negative effects of urbanization on cultivated land protection are two different aspects in the same contradiction, which have the relationship of the unity of opposites. Many reasons like that people's knowledge is limited while their desires are unlimited make the negative effects of urbanization on cultivated land protection are stronger than the positive effects. However, in the long term, positive effects will become stronger and negative effects will become weaker.2. It builds the complete value compensation and allocation mechanism of non-agricul-turalization cultivated land. At first, it defines the complete value compensation for non-agriculturalization of cultivated land which means that it makes the cultivated land's multi-functional value that we lost in the non-agriculturalization cultivated land process as the compensation for the interests loss of the main body of cultivated land serves. It includes economic output value compensation, ecological environment value compensation and social security value compensation. It has two levels of meanings, one is that compensation for the loss of economic output value, ecological environment value and social security value in the non-agriculturalization cultivated land process. The other is that the value compensation of the main benefit to the main loss in the non-agriculturalization cultivated land process. Then it uses income approach, decompose summation method and replacement cost method to assess the economic output value, ecological environment value and social security value. And it clears cultivated land function value and the scope of its main service object. Finally, it builds the allocation mechanism of non-agriculturalization cultivated land to accurately compensate the value loss of the non-agriculturalization cultivated land, clear the rights and responsibility of the main body of cultivated land protection in all places, and improve evaluation theory and method of the value compensation of non-agriculturalization cultivated land.3. It puts forward the concrete method of cultivated land quality protection. Firstly, it builds the occupational and compensational balance mode of across-provincial cultivated land function coordination from the perspective of functional coordination. It means that it promotes the reasonable partition of cultivated land function by coordinating the cultivated land function all over the parts. On the basis of making cultivated land function of the whole country not detracted, we will strengthen the reorganization of reserve cultivated land and the replacement and reclamation of redundant construction land in the countryside to raise people's awareness of cultivated land utility value. Then it will make up the defects of existing system and reduce local government's illegal behavior of occupying cultivated land. Finally, it will actually realize the occupational and compensational balance of the function and the quality of cultivated land and improve the system of cultivated land protection. Secondly, from the perspective of trimming demand, we will create a model for allocating land for basic urban housing. It means that it will improve the serious publicity lack of the urban housing policy from the system level and correct human's un-moderate and irrational housing consumption and investment behavior from the concept level. Then it will ensure citizens' basic housing needs, control non-basic residential housing demands, curb speculative investment abnormal housing demand and alleviate the demand exceeds supply pattern of the housing market. We guarantee human's basic housing using-land demands, meanwhile we will inhibit people's improper land use demands. And we will make the construction land Intensive and saving used, then, inhibit non-agriculturalization cultivated land demands.