| Since the implementation of the rising central China strategy and the Yangtze river economic zone strategy, the regional integration of Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river has been vigorously promoted. Urban agglomeration inside the provinces such as Wuhan city circle, west Hubei eco-cultural tourism circle, great Changsha metropolitan region and Poyang lake ecological economic zone has great development. For the sake of integrating resources, creating a new growth pole, promoting the resource-efficient and environment-friendly society, realizing the innovation, coordination and sustainable development in the region, the government approved the construction of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river. With 3.5% of the regional area of the country and about 9% of the national population, urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river creates 10% of the country's GDP. It is a large populated zone and important for economic development in China like the eastern urban agglomerations. In the process of development and construction, the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river not only faces the problems of transportation, administration and environmental protection like other large urban agglomerations, but also faces the influence of backwash effect. The backwash effect of urban agglomeration refers to the phenomenon of inhibition of a city's economic growth by other cities in the urban agglomeration. Facing the backwash effect of urban agglomeration, whether to continue to promote the preferential development of the benefit areas, or to study it and find out the strategies to improve cities' coordinated development in the urban agglomeration to achieve the balanced development of all regions. This deeply relates to the specific direction of the future development and the efficiency of economic integration of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river. Based on the concern of the backwash effect of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river, this paper comprehensively analyses backwash effect theory, the rule and experience of urban agglomeration development, spatial relationships among cities in urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river, mechanism and the degree of influence of backwash effect in urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river. It proposes a set of recommendations in policy to control the backwash effect of this urban agglomeration.This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic. On this basis, the paper presents the research ideas, structure and research methods, and points out the innovations and deficiencies. The second chapter is the related theory and literature review. Firstly, this chapter introduces the mechanism of the economic development of urban agglomeration. And then according to the mechanism, the literature of the growth theory, the agglomeration theory, the urban agglomeration development theory, the diffusion effect theory and the backwash effect theory are introduced. At last, the relations of these theories are summarized, and the theory of backwash effect in urban agglomeration is comprehensively and deeply described. The third chapter summarizes the characteristics and experiences of domestic and foreign urban agglomeration development. Based on the development of the five largest urban agglomerations in world, the main experience and important characteristics of the development of urban agglomeration are summarized. Then the domestic development characteristics and experiences of the Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration and Pearl river delta urban agglomeration are analyzed to confirm the important characteristics and to summarize the generality of domestic urban city agglomeration. At last, the paper introduces the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river, analyzes the similarity and difference between this urban agglomeration and the Yangtze river delta and Pearl river delta urban agglomeration. It suggests the parts of the development of the urban agglomeration that requires attention and needs to be strengthened. The fourth chapter is the comparative analysis of the spatial characteristics of the three major urban agglomerations. At first, the urban flow intensity model is introduced to compare the characteristics and differences in the level of outward function of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river, the Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration and Pearl river delta urban agglomeration. SPSS cluster analysis is used to analyze the system structure of the three urban agglomerations. Finally, through the study of Moran-I of spatial weight matrix based on urban flow intensity, the degree of spatial correlation of the cities in the three urban agglomerations is determined, which is used to decide if there is an influence of backwash effect in the three major urban agglomerations. In the fifth chapter, the SDM model of the backwash effect of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river is analyzed. Firstly the models of spatial econometric model system arc introduced. The spatial fixed effect spatial object model (SDM) is chosen based on the data. By means of separation of the weight matrix of economic distance based on the intensity of urban flow, the influence mechanism and the influence of the backwash effect between the overall and inter city of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river arc analyzed. In the sixth chapter, according to the results of the quantitative analysis in the above two chapters, this part proposes a set of measures to control the backwash effect of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river. The seventh chapter is the conclusion and future direction section. This section summarizes the research on the economic development of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river and presents the future directions of the theory and method.The main research results and conclusions are:1. The system of backwash effect theory in urban agglomeration is integrated. This paper induced the backwash effect theory and related theories comprehensively and analyzed the relationship between backwash effect theory and related theories. Based on it, this paper focuses on urban agglomeration development and backwash effect theory as the main body, apply growth theory and agglomeration theory to build model to do empirical study, and combine with diffusing effect theory to do the analysis on the research of backwash effect in urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river. So this paper forms a complete theoretical system for the research.2. Three main segments of the development mechanism of urban agglomeration are deduced. This paper summarizes the development characteristics and experience of five developed urban agglomerations aboard and confirms with the characteristics and experiences of urban agglomeration in the Yangtze river delta and the Pearl river delta. It confirms the key to have healthy development of urban agglomeration lies in the three main segments:connection, competition and management. Connection and management supply support for development, and competition is the motivation. Avoiding industrial isomorphism and urban function repetition in competition segment is the central growing experience of developed urban agglomeration.3. The characteristics of development and weakness of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river is induced by comparative analysis. This paper introduces the planning and construction process of Wuhan city circle, great Changsha metropolitan region, Poyang lake ecological economic zone and west Hubci cco-cultural tourism circle and their defects in their development. It points out that the urban agglomeration in middle reaches of the Yangtze river needs to improve the connection, competition and management. But the problems in the competition segment of this urban agglomeration are different. The overall industrial and urban function is inadequate, which faces low-level homogeneity in industrial structure and city function.4. Comparing and analyzing three urban agglomerations by urban flow intensity model, this paper finds out that the external service function and the urban flow intensity of the cities in urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river arc weak. Central city Wuhan and sub-central city Changsha, Nanchang and Yichang are geographically disconnected, which presents a development pattern of each develops separately.5. Comparing the center and sub-center's external energy of the three urban agglomerations, this paper finds that there are no complementary relationship of external energy between the center and sub-center in urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river. Some business' external energy is large and comparable in size while other business'external energy is very small. These differences show that the cities in urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river are lack of coordination and division and the industrial Tie-in is deviated. So there arc some problems in the competition segment, these may lead to inhibitory relationship among the cities in this urban agglomeration.6. The spatial correlation of cities in three urban agglomerations are inspected. This paper has made innovation to the spatial weight matrix when the spatial correlation coefficients are calculated. Taking into account of the influence of cities' external function and economic scale, this paper builds the economic distance weight matrix based on the intensity of urban flow for the first time. Spatial correlation coefficients show that urban agglomeration in Yangtze river delta and Pearl river delta present overall positively correlated development characteristics. These two urban agglomerations have obvious development characteristics of agglomcrative and spread effect. But urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river presents overall negatively correlated spatial relationship, which confirms that mutual inhibition of backwash characteristics existing in this urban agglomeration.7. According to the economic development data of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river, this paper selects the spatial fixed effects SDM and the spatial weight matrix of economic distance based on the intensity of urban flow to do the regression analysis at the economic growth of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river. So further quantitative analysis is carried out on the backwash effect in this urban agglomeration. Then this paper does the quantitative regression analysis respectively at the influence of economic development about different relationship among core cities and small urban cities. The results show that each factor influencing urban economic growth is existing in some cities'relationship in urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river; the backwash effect among core cities of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river is most obvious; three factors which are economic development level, investment in fixed assets level, and import-export level shows backwash effect in overall.8. The mechanism of backwash effect in urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river is summarized, and the policy suggestions are proposed. This paper illustrates that backwash effect mainly comes from the competition for factor resources and market among cites in the urban agglomeration. The competitive relationship associated with the core cities is mainly focused on the competition of market and factor resources while the competitive relationship associated with the small urban cities is mainly about the competition of factor resources. This paper proposes two direction paths to control backwash effect respectively for the relationships among cities of all levels in this urban agglomeration, which are suppressing the unfavorable flow of factor resources and improving the market competition, generating more factor resources and making bigger market. The solution paths was integrated into eight policy suggestions:No.1, making a good division and positioning of urban industrial structure and urban function. No.2, insisting on driving core cities'development by innovation. No.3, breaking the barriers of the three provinces to realize point-axis development among core cities. No.4, taking the supply side reform oriented by market. No.5, improving the public service system of small urban cities. No.6, insisting on promoting urbanization. No.7, accumulating the human capital in small urban cities. No.8, integrating the opening direction of all the cities. |
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