Research On Marxist Theory Of Poverty & Poverty Governance In Contemporary China

Shaking off poverty has been the universally good desire of the entire human society since thousands of years ago, and is also the objective of the Chinese Communists to unswervingly strive for a long term. Since the reform and opening up, China’s poverty governance work has made significant progress, we worked out a solution with Chinese characteristics that can cope with the poverty problem. Such achievement has a close relationship with the guidance of Theory of Marxism. Meanwhile, China’s practice for poverty governance also enriches the development of Marxist Theory of Poverty. Guided by Marxist Theory of Poverty, this article gives an explanation to the scientificity and truthfulness of Marxist Theory of Poverty through analyzing the poverty problem of developed capitalistic countries and developing countries in the world at present; by researching on the process of China’s poverty governance work, this article summarized the deep-level problems of poverty governance for today’s China as well as the causes of such problems, and attempted to demonstrate the realizable policies that can adopted by China to cope with poverty problems in the future.The Introduction in Article I mainly gives an explanation to the background, significance, progress and methods of research, as well as the writing framework.Article II is about historical literatures review. Based on those Marxist literatures since Marxism was born over one century, this article has a complete review about the evolution course of Marxist Theory of Poverty through reviewing the history of those literatures. The development of Marxist Theory of Poverty can be, in general, divided into four stages: The Period of Marx and Engels, Soviet Union Period, Revolutionary Times of China, and the New Era of China since its reform and opening up. When Marx and Engels were in their youth, they observed phenomenon of proletariat poverty in capitalist society. They tried to make use of some theoretical tools such as alienated labor, hired labor and capital to initially demonstrate such phenomenon. Marxist Theory of Poverty didn’t become mature until the establishment of the theory of surplus value & theory of general laws of capital accumulation. After Marx and Engels passed away, some proletarian revolutionists such as Lenin, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping learned from the basic principle of Marxist Theory of Poverty, they enriched and developed such theory according to the poverty situation of socialist countries and practices for dealing with these poverty problems.Article III is the core of the theory in this text. On the basis of the Article II, Article III takes the fundamental standpoint, viewpoint and methods of Marxism as the guidance, conducts logical explanation of poverty thoughts from the period of Marx and Engels to Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping period. Article III generalized the four contents of Marxist Theory of Poverty. In Marxism, poverty not only concerning the material poverty caused by the shortage of living materials, but also regarding spiritual poverty caused by the scarcity of spiritual and cultural treasures. Poverty often results from integrated effect of multiple factors, including natural geographical environment, social culture, and institutional arrangement etc. However, poverty status is varied from different societies. The occurrence of poverty in the capitalist society is due to unreasonable capitalist institution, while poverty in socialist is arising from the contradiction between the developmental level of the productive force and the system and mechanism of the economic society. To address such poverty problems: Capitalist system should be overturned in terms of capitalist societies; as for socialist societies, systematical reform and further development of political and economic system should be made.Article IV refers to analysis of foreign poverty problems. It respectively takes developed capitalistic countries such as Britain and America, and developing countries including Indonesia, India as examples to analyze verification and inspection of Marxism to the present status of poverty in the abovementioned countries. The worsening poverty history of proletariat after the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain indicates that in the times when capital and land were relatively scarce, the fast increase in labor population lead to continuous reduction of marginal income, which was the main reason why the workers were poverty during the period of Industrial Revolution. It demonstrated that the correctness of Marxist theory concerning large-scale unemployment could give rise to the worsening of social poverty status. After World War II, the unfair income distribution of many countries including America tended to be more serious. Although the workers could relatively obtain more fortune, they were still very poor. For this reason, Occupy Wall Street Movement was broke out, which verified that the reformed distribution system could not eliminate poverty of capitalist society, and provided the scientific basis of thesis that poverty elimination could not be fundamentally achieved unless capitalist system is overturned.Article V and VI attach importance to the research on the development of modern China’s issues, current status of poverty as well as the cause for such poverty, and the solution to poverty governance. The main reasons attribute to China’s present poverty are: level of its productive forces is lag behind, undeveloped overall level of science and technology, backward concept of the people in poor regions, and a lack of job opportunities and so on. In terms of further solution to China’s poverty problem, the following six points are considered to be the significant measures to address such problem in this text: firstly, keep improving the system through comprehensively deepening reform, particularly in deepening reform in financial and redistribution system. Push forward reform in the income distribution system. Improve the reform of urban-rural dual system. Secondly, promote the sustainable development of productive forces by virtue of human resource development. Increase investment in human resource in impoverished rural areas while continuously enhancing the overall level of employment in urban areas. Thirdly, consolidate main strengths of poverty individuals by promoting the overall development of them. The key point lies in the establishment of economic environment for organic combination between the government and the market. Fourthly, supply various methods to manage the poverty issues with diversified policies. Bring in social assistance system for urban-rural integration. Set up development-type poverty reduction system. Fifthly, modify the poverty governance methods with the guidance of Five Development Concepts. Optimize the solution to poverty governance. Reconfirm the strategy for the implementation of poverty reduction methods. Determine the goal for poverty governance. Promote the dynamic development of poverty governance system.