Research On The Structure And Mechanism Of Closed Innovation Network

Many scholars have reached a consensus on the impact of innovation network structure characteristics on enterprise innovation,they confirmed two mechanisms to enhance enterprise innovation.First,the social network can promote the access of information resources and opportunities;Second,the network can promote the interdependence between the actors and overcome the dilemma of cooperation or free riding.However,the unity of this surface is hidden behind the scholars for what kind of network structure has caused these differences.On the one hand,network with high closure and cohesion can promote the formation of cooperative norms,facilitate the behavior of mutual trust and cooperation;On the other hand,the structural hole theory that innovation network capital source intermediary between two chance isolated connected and non redundant links,rather than closed network.Weak ties are more likely to act as bridges in new real-time information than strong ties.In the field of economic geography in recent years,the scholars have rethought the traditional closed industrial cluster and innovation networks,many of them emphasize the positive impact on open innovation cluster and enterprise network,but sometimes overcorrect.The industrial characteristics of petroleum equipment manufacturing industry,such as closed and endogenous,will significantly affect the structural characteristics of innovation networks.Especially for China,it also needs to consider the impact of its development process,policy environment and corporate characteristics.At the same time,the scale of China's equipment industry since 2009 has exceeded the United States,Japan,Germany and other developed countries,ranking the first in the world.In 2010,China surpassed the United States to become the largest energy consumer in the world and has shown rapid growth afterwards.As a strategic industry to provide technology and equipment,the improved of petroleum equipment manufacturing industry not only has a positive impact on its efficiency,but also through technology diffusion effectively,and promote the efficiency of the downstream industry in other departments.At present,China is undergoing a period of economic restructuring,adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure need to get oil and energy of petroleum equipment manufacturing industry support.Dongying petroleum equipment manufacturing is the largest domestic petroleum equipment base,the highest level of development and innovation environment,with a special situation and social characteristics and the most concentrated area,its closed network is more typical and representative.Use the related research methods of economic geography,based on the review of related theoretical economic geography,this paper in-depth analyses the characteristics of industry characteristics,equipment manufacturing industry chain and innovation chain and the innovation network.Use 1985-2013 Dongying petroleum equipment manufacturing industry joint patent,survey on 2013 China(Dongying)International Petroleum petrochemical equipment and technology exhibition,interview data of 17 Dongying petroleum equipment manufacturing enterprises as the material,this paper study the innovation under different spatial scales of network topology,node space structure and inherent mechanism of the empirical analysis,the conclusions are as follows:(1)The innovation network of petroleum equipment manufacturing industry is closed.As the technology intensive industries,petroleum equipment manufacturing industry tend to the geographical concentration distribution,they are highly clustered in space.From the planned economy Chinese history unique and public ownership economy,petroleum equipment manufacturing enterprises' labor mobility and informal private derivative contact is a common phenomenon,there is a close relationship between the network and the strong links between industrial cluster,cluster has closed strong.In addition,due to the high technical threshold of the petroleum equipment manufacturing industry and the unique access system,resulting in a very small number of enterprises in the same product or sub sectors,the degree of familiarity between enterprises is very high.(2)The network closure can promote the innovation of petroleum equipment enterprises.Dongying petroleum equipment manufacturing industry innovation in state-owned enterprises and restructuring of enterprises,innovation space highly focused on the local scale,partner selection is highly concentrated in a few main innovation,characteristics of the strong links between enterprises were closed,the characteristics of the enterprise network is very prominent.Through the establishment of regression model,this paper found that in Dongying petroleum equipment manufacturing enterprises,the more constrained the more enterprises are not easy to quit the innovation network,enterprise innovation performance is better.Enterprise innovation network has formed a number of subgroups of network clusters,cluster and presents different network characteristics,different partner types and spatial networking tendency.Under different spatial scales,the innovation network of Dongying petroleum equipment manufacturing industry is affected by the geographical proximity and the main body energy level,but the network sealing characteristics are obvious.(3)Dongying petroleum equipment manufacturing innovation network' internal mechanism includes four ways:market relations,spillover and diffusion,research network and informal networks.Sinopec and Shengli oil field play an important role in the enterprise the global networking process,local network and interpersonal networks are interwoven,the subject is restricted by the high degree of network,the network structure holes less,strong ties dominate.Although some network relations involve inter regional and even global linkages,but considering the characteristics of the industry,historical evolution,institutional system and other factors,the network's closed and endogenous characteristics are still very obvious.This paper explore active arguments in structural holes and network closure,the characteristics of petroleum equipment manufactring industry in the world,the organization structure,mechanism and pattern of industry/innovation chain and the innovation network structure and the mechanism of in-depth analysis,and take Dongying petroleum equipment manufacturing industry as an example.In the research of innovation theory dominant advantage of structure hole and open now,this case study will make some revisions of the previous understanding for the special industry and specific area.The innovation advantage of structural holes and open innovation is not the universal.