Social Trust,Relational Network And Farmers Participation In Small-Scale Irrigation Systems Supply

Small-scale irrigation systems as a kind of typical rural quasi-public goods,due to its direct distribution in the field,its supply performance is directly related to the national food security,the main agricultural products and farmers' income.But on the basis of the current system of household contract responsibility,farmers can't solve the problem of small-scale irrigation systems supply,and the government should actively guide farmers to participate in the construction,management and maintenance of small-scale irrigation systems.So that farmers can rely on the village,the smallest effective irrigation units,to achieve village collective action,and accordingly reduce the government or collective responsibility to enhance the performance of small-scale irrigation systems.Farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply has become a realistic and effective path for the innovation of supply mechanism of small-scale irrigation systems in China.However,there are many practical problems for farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.First,the agricultural relatively low income leads to the enthusiasm of farmers participation in the supply is not high,so farmers participation in the supply lack the effective incentive mechanism;Second,the farmers' opportunistic behavior reduces the investment of farmers participation in the supply,so the level of farmers participation in the supply is low;Third,the effective demand expression mechanism for farmers participation in the supply is absent,so the path of farmers participation in the supply has deviation,the effect of farmers participation in the supply needs to be improved.Therefore,under the current institutional environment and the requirements of economic development,how to effectively promote the farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply have become the key to improving the performance of small-scale irrigation systems supply,and the realization of innovative mechanisms of small-scale irrigation systems supply must consider it too.In essence,farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply is the problem of achieving collective action among relevant stakeholders in a certain area.But social trust formed by the long-term communication in the village area and geopolitical,blood,kinship as the basis for the formation of relational network,can combine the microscopic individual behavior with the macroscopic collective action to effectively promote the success of the collective action.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to introduce the concept of socialtrust and relational network into the research of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Based on the dual view of social trust and relational network,under the guidance of public goods supply theory,social capital theory,collective action theory and common-pool resource governance theory,this paper had the systematic review of relevant research results.Using the field research data and information of 1560 household in five provinces of Inner Mongolia,Ningxia,Shaanxi,Henan and Shandong,this paper presented the situation and problems of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply,and builded social trust and relational network index system,and then using factor analysis,this paper measured and resolved a lot of social trust and relational network indexs.This paper also used a variety of mathematical models and methods to analysis the response of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply,the level of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply and the effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply,and put forward the policy suggestions to optimize farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.The results can provide theoretical support and practical basis to institutional innovation of small-scale irrigation systems supply and grass-roots service system for irrigation.The main conclusions show that:First,at the present stage,the proportion of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply is low,the choice of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply varies widely among provinces,and the level of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply is not high.The analysis of the effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply should take into account both the subjective effect and the objective effect.Second,the design of the index system of social trust and relational network is scientific and factor analysis is also suitable for the analysis of sample data in this paper.On the whole,the level of social trust level and relational network are both high.Among them,the regional ranking of social trust level is: Inner Mongolia > Shandong > Shaanxi > Ningxia > Henan,the regional ranking of special trust level is: Ningxia > Inner Mongolia > Shaanxi > Shandong >Henan,the regional ranking of general trust level is: Shandong > Inner Mongolia > Shaanxi >Henan > Ningxia.The regional ranking of relational network level is: Shaanxi > Inner Mongolia > Shandong > Ningxia > Henan,the regional ranking of strong tie level is:Shaanxi > Inner Mongolia > Ningxia > Shandong > Henan,the regional ranking of weak tie level is: Henan > Shandong > Inner Mongolia > Shaanxi > Ningxia.Third,based on the dual perspective of social trust and relational network,this paper chose the sample selection model to analysis the influencing mechanism of the response offarmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.It found that,social trust and its dimensions,relational network and its dimensions,they have a significant impact on the response of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Specifically,social trust has a significant role in promoting farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply and will allow farmers to choose in a way of labor to participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Special trust has not significantly impact on farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.General trust has a significant role in promoting farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply and will make farmers tend to choose in a way of labor to participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Relational network has a significant role in promoting farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply and will allow farmers to choose in a way of labor to participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Strong tie has a significantly negative role in promoting farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply,but it has not significantly impact on the choose of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Weak tie has a significant role in promoting farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply and will make farmers tend to choose in a way of labor to participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.The social trust and relational network has non-significantly negative interaction in promoting farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply,but the social trust and relational network has a significant positive interaction on the choose of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Fourth,This paper introduces the two factors of social trust and relational network,and considers the factors of household level and village level,to explore the impact effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply,using hierarchical linear model.The results show that,social trust and relational network both have a significant positive impact on the level of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.But the impact of different types of social trust and different types of relational network on the level of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply are different.Specifically,general trust has a significant positive impact on the level of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply,while special trust has no significant effect on the level of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Weak tie has a significant positive effect on the level of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply,while strong tie has no significant effect on the level of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Social trust and relational network have a significant positive interaction for the level of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Finally,at the same time,the subjective effect of farmers participation in small-scaleirrigation systems supply and the objective effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply are studied,then this paper used bivariate Tobit model to analysis the effect of social trust and relational network on farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.It found that,social trust and relational network both have a significant positive impact on the effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.But the impact of different types of social trust and different types of relational network on the effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply are different.Specifically,general trust has a significant positive impact on the effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Special trust only has a significant positive impact on the objective effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Weak tie has a significant positive impact on the effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Strong tie only has a significant positive impact on the objective effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.Social trust and relational network has a significant negative interaction for the subjective effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply,but social trust and relational network has a significant positive interaction for the objective effect of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems supply.