The Research On Farmers' Moderate Scale Laying Hens Breeding Under The Perspective Of Environmental Regulation

As the constant improvement of Chinese urban and rural residents' income levels,the proportion of animal food in people's consumption demand increases gradually.And how to protect the effective supply of livestock products sufficiently has become one of the main objectives during the process of developing Chinese aquaculture.Therefore,the effective way of achieving this goal is to develop large scale livestock and poultry breeding definitely.In addition,as a significant feature of modern livestock and poultry breeding industry,promoting large scale farming has also played a positive role in increasing the farmers' income.However,large scale management does not mean the larger the better;there is an issue of moderate size.Meanwhile,the experiences of the developed countries in the area of agriculture as well as in China have indicated repeatedly that the development of agriculture should not be at the cost of our environment.How to promote the development of appropriate scale breeding under the premise of environmental protection has become an important topic in the process of developing livestock and poultry breeding industry in China.Obviously,whether this issue studied and resolved is of great theoretical significance and practical value to promote the coordination and sustainable development of ecological environment protection and livestock and poultry breeding.Farmers are the basic production unit and the main force of livestock and poultry breeding in China.This paper takes the farmers as the study object.Based on analyzing the relative theory of large scale management and environmental public goods theory and externality theory,starting from the perspective of farmers,we have discussed the issue of farmers' moderate scale laying hens breeding under environmental constraint in view of farmer behavior theory.Based on the analysis of the development status and characteristics of Chinese farmers' laying hens breeding,we have used the panel quantile regression model to examine the impact of environmental regulation on the farmers' breeding scale.Meanwhile,we have used the heckman two stage model to examine the issue of farmers'willingness toward environmental protection problems under environmental constraints.Through the discrete choice Logistic model,we have done research on the behavior and willingness of expanding the farmers' breeding under environmental constraints.Through using the mathematical model,we start from the perspective of farmers so as to make maximizing the profit as our object.We have measured and analyzed the moderate breeding scale of the farmers' laying hens under environmental constraints as well as stimulated the development of moderate scale breeding from the industrial point of view so as to know its influence on the laying hens breeding industry in China.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Large scale laying hens' cultivation in our country has developed rapidly,but the small scale breeding farmers still occupy a dominant position;under different breeding scale of levels,there exist obvious differences in producing and operating characteristics of the farmers' laying hens breeding,and various waste disposal means.Therefore,during the process of large scale laying hens breeding,environmental protection faces great challenges.(2)Environmental regulation has various influence for the farmers' laying hens breeding scale under different size distributions:there is obvious improving effect on professional large scale breeding farmers,while for those small scale breeding households,the negative effects are not significant in the regression results,which reflects that the farmers in our country have high capacity of bearing environmental regulation to a certain extent.Moreover,the farmers' individual characteristics,family specialties,as well as the characteristics of breeding management and other factors also have different effects for the farmers' breeding scale under various size distributions.(3)There are some differences between the farmers' willingness of expand their breeding scale and the real action on the perspective of influencing factors.Although the farmers do not consider the impact of environmental policy and breeding subsidy when forming the willingness of expanding the scale of cultivation,the above policies play an obvious influencing effect on the real action of the farmers'expanding their breeding scales.(4)From the farmers' perspective of taking an object of maximizing the breeding profit,under current production level,when the environmental costs are fully internalized by the farmers themselves to bear,the appropriate size of the farmers' laying hens breeding 4 times compared with the average breeding scale level nowadays.There is still large improving room for the farmers' laying hens large scale breeding.Moreover,with the the increasing of subsidies on environmental protection,the appropriate management scale of the farmers' laying hens breeding will be enlarged gradually.(5)There is still a large gap between the farmers' willingness of environmental expenditure level and the needed environmental protection investment during the process of implementing environmental governance effectively in poultry and livestock breeding.Improve the farmers' environmental protection expenditure level,formulate and implement relevant environmental subsidy policy are important guarantee procedures to push on the development of livestock breeding and ecological environment protection.(6)From the industrial point of view,the promoting of farmers' appropriate scale laying hens breeding will lead to the withdrawal of some farmers.We should pay attention to how to promote the development of appropriate scale breeding as well as solving the problem of those farmers who have quitted from breeding.