| Since the reform and opening up,especially since the late 1990 s,the rapid development of China's urbanization has led to the rapid growth of China's economy,but also led to a large-scale population and labor flow to the city which is rare in human history.However,from the perspective of the spatial distribution of current China's economic development and labor force,China's regional economy and labor in space are serious imbalances.Based on the analysis of the historical evolution of China's labor force spatial agglomeration,the current situation and the causes of the formation of this pattern,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework with interdisciplinary characteristics and analyzes the employment effects of China's labor force spatial agglomeration from the macro and micro levels.Considering the imbalance of China's economic development and the long-term debate about urbanization road choice,the author further examines whether the employment effect of labor agglomeration is different in different cities which have different levels of economic development or population size.The study of this issue is related to the problem of "urbanization" and "employment",so it is of great theoretical and practical significance.We got the following results:First of all,we analyze the employment effect of China's labor force spatial agglomeration from the perspective of the employment level,we found that:(1)No matter the macro-city level or the micro-individual level,China's labor spatial agglomeration has a significantly positive effect on the employment growth,that is,the increase in urban labor concentration is conducive to the growth of employment,but also improve the probability of employment of individual workers.(2)In the cities with different levels of economic development,the influence of the labor spatial agglomeration on urban employment growth and the probability of employment of individual laborers shows obvious difference.In cities with high levels of economic development,the impact of labor space agglomeration on employment growth or possibility is positive,and in low-level cities in economic development,the impact of labor spatial agglomeration on employment growth or possibility is manifested as a significant negative effect or is not significant.(3)The impact of labor space agglomeration on urban employment growth and the probability of employment of individual workers varies according to the size of the city.The concentration of labor force in the mega-cities has positive effect on the growth of employment and the employment probability of individual laborers,and the effect of labor force concentration in small and medium-sized cities on employment growth and the probability of employment of individual laborers is not significant.(4)No matter local workers or migrant workers,the concentration of labor force has positive effects on the individual employment probability,indicating that the accumulation of labor spatial and the entry of migrant labor do not increase the employment pressure of local workers,instead,raise the possibility of employment for both groups.Secondly,from the perspective of the quality of employment,the study shows that:(1)The impact of the labor force spatial agglomeration on the quality of employment in China is different at the urban and individual levels.For the city,the labor spatial accumulation significantly improved the quality of urban employment.But for the quality of employment of individual workers,the impact of labor spatial agglomeration is negative,but this negative effect with the urban economic development level continues to weaken.(2)The influence of the labor force on the quality of urban employment is both positive in different economic development areas,but with the improvement of urban economic development level,the role of labor agglomeration in promoting the quality of urban employment will be weakened.The impact of labor spatial agglomeration on the quality of employment of individual laborers is quite different due to the different levels of urban economic development.In the cities with low economic development level,the impact of labor spatial agglomeration on the quality of employment of individual laborers is significantly negative,but compared with the cities with low economic development level,in the cities where the level of economic development is moderate,the effect of agglomeration on the quality of employment of individual laborers has weakened,and for the cities with high economic development level,the impact of labor space agglomeration on the quality of employment of individual laborers has been positive.Although the effect is not significant,to a certain extent,we can say labor spatial gathering is conducive to improving the quality of individual employment of workers with the continuous improvement of economic development level,which means that only in the high level of economic development of the city,labor spatial agglomeration on the quality of individual employment is more likely to play a significant positive role.(3)The impact of China's labor force agglomeration on the quality of employment varies with the size of the city.In small and medium-sized cities,the impact of labor space agglomeration on the quality of urban employment is a significant positive impact,and there is no curve relationship.However,in the mega-cities,the impact of labor space agglomeration on the quality of urban employment presents a significant "inverted U-shaped" curve,that is,with the increase of labor concentration,the quality of urban employment is the first to rise and then fall.Similarly,the impact of labor space agglomeration on the quality of employment of individual workers has a positive effect in the mega-cities,but this positive role is diminished as the level of economic development improves.In the small and medium-sized cities on the contrary,the labor force spatial gathering on the employment quality of individual laborers has a negative effect,this negative inhibition with the level of economic development will be weakened.The above conclusions show that the urbanization road with the aim of increasing the agglomeration degree of the factors can not only improve the employment growth of the city and bring about the improvement quality of urban employment,but also have positive effect on the improvement of individual employment probability and job satisfaction.This result shows that from the employment point of view,to promote the development of large cities has a positive significance for the employment and individual workers will also obtain tangible benefits from the urbanization development process.But it is worth noting that,regardless of the national level or local government level in the formulation of relevant policies,should take full account of different economic development areas and different cities scale differences,due to their own conditions and conditions,do not "monotony",but can not "reverse" the law line. |
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