| Dairy industry is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood.Overall,China's dairy industry development history is short,low starting point,fast growth,but during the tortuous process of development,the dairy industry showed the following characteristics:serious market fluctuations,many crisis events,different development modes of development with foreign countries,so the dairy industry evolution shows obvious particularity and deserves further study.All the time,the dairy industry in China has not solved very well about the following problems,such as the high cost and low yield of dairy farming,and dairy quality and safety,so that consumers in our country only believe foreign brands of dairy products.The bases of dairy industry in China are not good enough,and the consumers are lack of consumption habit of dairy products,in addition,the organization mode of dairy industry in our country is unreasonable,and in the dairy industry chain,there is a lack of reasonable profit distribution and risk sharing mechanism among different industries.Besides,in major dairy producing areas,there is lack of competitiveness of industrial clusters,and there has been a deviation in the selection and implementation of the macro industrial policy of China's dairy industry.In fact,dairy industry is an organic complex system based on micro,meso,and macro levels,and various factors at different levels will have an impact on the overall development of dairy industry.This study tries to study the history and current situation of dairy industry in China from a more comprehensive,more holistic and systematic perspective,and find out the problems existing in the development of dairy industry in China.This paper wants to study the industrial organization model suitable for the development of dairy industry in China,and construct a competitive dairy industry cluster and dairy industry system,and put forward a scientific and comprehensive coping strategy.Drawing on existing research results,combined with the actual situation of China dairy development,the study adopts symbiosis evolution theory and industrial organization theory as the main theoretical basis,and then construct the symbiotic evolution analysis framework of the dairy industry organization model.This paper analyzes the current situation of the evolution of China's dairy industry development,and the dairy industry organization model as the focus of the analysis,to explore the advantages and disadvantages of different models,the future trend of development,and put forward a series of policy implications.This study reviewed and summarized the relevant theories and literatures about the organization model of agriculture and dairy industry both at home and abroad.Based on the theory of symbiotic evolution in biology,the framework(SSMP)of Symbiotic Evolution Analysis of the organization model of dairy industry in China is constructed,which lays the foundation for the following theoretical analysis and empirical research.Then,this paper makes a more comprehensive theoretical and qualitative analysis of the symbiotic evolution of dairy industry from three different levels of macro,meso and micro.On this basis,this study uses the actual investigation of the five major dairy producing areas in China,six provinces and autonomous regions,seven counties and cities related research data,and want to study the dairy industry organization model of the pros and cons of empirical analysis.First,we use the data of 127 farms and 76 farms,and use stochastic frontier production function model to empirically analyze the differences in profit level and production efficiency and their influencing factors;Secondly,we use the data of 127 farming districts and 152 community members,and use multivariate ordered logit model to empirically analyze the evaluation of the service ability of the farming community and its influencing factors.Finally,through the above theoretical and empirical research,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)There are different levels of co-evolution of dairy industry,such as the dairy industry system from the macro,dairy industry cluster from meso and the dairy industry organization and models from micro,showing the evolution characteristics and different mechanisms in different stages of the development of dairy industry.Initially,the dairy industry,the main form of dairy industrial organization as dairy farmers and milk enterprises,subsequently developed milk stations,farming areas and cooperatives;Accordingly,in the industrial organization pattern emerged from the mode "farmers +enterprises" to "farmers + milk station +enterprises",from "farmers + breeding communities+ enterprises" to "farmers + cooperatives + enterprises" and "scale farms+ enterprises","scale farms +cooperative + enterprises ".In the process of symbiotic evolution,the degree of symbiotic organization between dairy industry organizations has been increasing,and the symbiosis has shown mutual benefit and symmetry.(2)The development of regional dairy industry cluster is based on different resource endowments,historical starting point and different degree of path dependence,so as to form each characteristic dairy industry organization and mode.Generally speaking,the suburban dairy major producing areas are most sensitive to dairy market changes,low degree of path dependence,rapid industrial organization innovation and mode adjustment,so these are the strongest competitiveness of dairy industry clusters.The main dairy producing areas in pastoral areas have relatively strong path dependence,weak industrial organization innovation capability,lack of timely adjustment and optimization of industrial organization models,so these are relatively weak competitiveness of dairy industry clusters;However,the main dairy producing areas in rural areas have both scale effect and market advantage,and the competitiveness of dairy industry clusters is centered.(3)The dairy industry organization and its mode of symbiotic evolution embedded in the symbiotic environment.In different stages,political embeddedness,culture embeddedness,structural embeddedness and social relations embedd edness in different aspects of the different levels of embedding factors together act on the dairy industry organization,and form different dairy industry organization model.A case study shows that from the breeding community to the cooperation scale breeding farm shares to evolution stock farm scale mode capital shares may be an optional path of China's dairy industry.(4)Our country is in transition stage from the mode of "farmers + breeding communities + enterprise" to the mode of "scale farms + enterprises".The research pointed out that,at this stage,between breeding communities and scale farms in the production efficiency was not significantly different,but there are significant differences in the profit level,the scale of farm profit levels were significantly higher than that of breeding community.(5)The mode of "farmers + breeding communities + enterprise" is the main industrial organization mode in our country at present,and it has its rationality and necessity.But compared to the breeding community service supply,there still exists a certain gap with the members of the community service needs,and breeding community is difficult to solve this problem,so we must promote the breeding community to the scale farms.Based on the above conclusions,this study puts forward policy recommendations at the micro level,meso level and macro level respectively:First,on the micro level,we must build up the dairy industry organization model that conforms to the requirements of development,and speed up the vertical integration of dairy industry,and promote the "farmers+ breeding community + enterprises" mode to "scale farms +enterprises" mode.We should combine with the actual country,to guide the development of the dairy industry cooperation organization,and congstruct a new"scale farms + cooperatives + enterprises" mode;Milk enterprises should give foll play to the core role of the industrial chain,and actively participate in the prenatal,middle,post and post natal stages of the dairy industry in the form of cooperation and joint-stock system.Two,on the meso level,we should intensify efforts to build the socialized service system for dairy industry,starting from the different characteristics of the pastoral areas,suburban and agricultural dairy production areas,efforts should be made to build a competitive dairy industry cluster with local characteristics.The three is at the macro level,the government should fully realize the new trend of domestic and international dairy market and new changes to the supply side reform trend,fit the development of the market,and guide the development of China's dairy industry science. |
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