Study On Water-saving Effect Of Irrigation Methods And Farmers' Technology Choice In Northwest China

The water resource of China is uneven in space-time distribution,and serious dislocation of agricultural development layout,especially in Northwest China.In the “12th Five-Year Plan" period,the high efficient water-saving irrigation technology in the northwest area of our country is popularized.The northwest region is vast,and the natural condition is very different,the application effect of the high efficient water-saving irrigation technology in different regions,and the driving factors of the farmers' choice of high efficient water-saving irrigation technology are different.By employing the Miami Model water requirement,this research comparied the water-saving effect and water-use efficiency of different irrigation models in different areas of Northwest China.In this research,we analyzed the rural household interviews and household survey data in typical areas of Gansu,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia where popularized efficient water-saving irrigation techniques,and gives a few conclusions.Firstly,the evolving law and present situation of high efficient water-saving irrigation technology popularization in the whole country and northwest region were analyzed.On the basis of summarizing the change trend of high efficient water-saving irrigation technology popularization in Northwest China,this research introduced the evolving of water-saving policy and the basic situation of agricultural production in the research area.The evolving law and present situation of high efficient water-saving irrigation technology popularization in China and Northwest region were analyzed.Since the 12 th Five-Year Plan,the high efficient water-saving irrigation technology in our country has been increasing continuously.During the 12 th Five-Year Plan period,the irrigation technology was mainly promoted by micro-irrigation,and sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation became the main growth point of the high efficient water-saving irrigation technology in China.As the emphasis of irrigation and micro-irrigation technology in the area of efficient water-saving irrigation in Northwest China,the popularization and evolution of each province are different,and the main emphasis is on the promotion of micro-irrigation in 12 th Five-Year Plan period.Secondly,by employing Miami model,this research measured the crop's real water demand including various regional climate differences.Based on the farmers' production data in Gansu,Ningxia,Inner Mongolia provinces and the crop's real water demand in these regions,this paper then analyzed the water-saving effect and water-use efficiency of planting corn and sunflower under different irrigation methods.Different irrigation methods had different performances in water-saving effect and water-use efficiency,which decreased from drip irrigation with plastic film mulching,drip irrigation,sprinkler irrigation,underground pipe irrigation,flooding with plastic film mulching to traditional flooding.The high efficiency water-saving technology performed good in the two effects,while the traditional flooding needed to improve.Thirdly,by employing Logistic regression model,this research analysed of internal influence factors,using comparative analysis method to analyze the difference of external environmental influencing factors.These external influence factors include both natural conditions and external institutional environmental factors.The results show that the farmers' education,per-person cultivated land area,perceived usefulness and the availability of technical services are positively influenced famers' high efficient water-saving irrigation technology choice in the research area.The effects of the six factors of external factors,such as the number of water release,the per capita output of the labor force,the reservoir or cistern,the degree of organization and the scale of planting were obvious.The management model of the village collective with higher discharge times,higher per capita output value of the labor force,supporting reservoirs or reservoirs,and if the type of main business is state-owned farm,large grower and high degree of organization,which is advantageous for farmers ' high efficient technical irrigation technology choice behavior.Fourthly,the case analysis method was used to study the case of farmers ' production and operation in the area with representative significance in northwest region.By establishing a framework for selecting behavior of high efficient water-saving irrigation technology in Northwest China,this research analyzed the actual development of water-saving irrigation technology in typical areas of Gansu,Ningxia,Inner Mongolia,and compares the characteristics of different models,and probes into the problems in the adoption process of water-saving irrigation technology and the demand for policy.We draw the conclusion that we have obvious advantages in unified management of the organizational system,state farms,and national demonstration base village collective and big grower.State farms play an important role in promoting water-saving projects.If the area has higher per capita arable land or the good land circulation market,has a high degree of operation and it is beneficial to technology popularization.In areas where surface water is used as a source of irrigation water,supporting infrastructure such as field reservoirs is the key to ensure the establishment of irrigation systems adapted to efficient water-saving irrigation techniques.In the aspect of government support,high efficiency water-saving irrigation technology promoted by “project system”is more efficient.Fifthly,on the basis of the experience of popularizing the policy of efficient water-saving irrigation in the developed countries,this research analyzed the popularization policies of the agricultural efficient water-saving irrigation technology in the national and northwestern provinces,and compared the characteristics and advantages of the regional security policies in the northwest regions.We can draw lessons from the United States and Israel in the land system,agricultural production and management model,science and technology extension system,government financial support,supporting integrated technology system,and water-saving incentive mechanism.For the high efficient water-saving irrigation popularization system in Xinjiang Region,"project system" as the leading water-saving and grain-raising project promotion policy in Inner Mongolia,efficient water-saving irrigation supporting water supply project in Ningxia and water Right water trading market system in Minqin County of Gansu Province are analyzed.To get a sound land circulation market,large-scale organization and management mode is the precondition to improve the operation effect of water-saving irrigation project.By encouraging the new type of agricultural management,it can improve the degree of cooperative organization of farmers to provide efficient water-saving irrigation engineering application of organizational support.The popularization system of teaching and research integration is the technical support for the successful implementation of water-saving irrigation projects.On the basis of government subsidy,it is the guarantee of the implementation of efficient water-saving irrigation project to promote multi-channel fund integration.The integrated technology system is the basis of sustainable development and long-term utilization of efficient water-saving irrigation projects.The diversification of the incentive measures is an important means to promote efficient water-saving irrigation projects in the future.In conclusion,water-saving effect of irrigation methods haved been taken as the target of development.At the meanwhile,suggestions and solutions such as contributing a better irrigation market,improving the regulations of water rights transfer,creating new land using system,investing infrastructure of water saving,enhancing the science technology support,should be carried out.One of the new points of this passage is that the variety of weather has been taken into consideration for the influence to water that crops need so that the influence of estimate of water that crops need can be lessened.It's more practical to the real situation by calculating the water requirement with Miami model.Another new section is that the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China is vast.The effect can be seen straightly by using the percentage to show the effect of water saving in different area by taking rain as a part of water for irrigation,and calculating the water that crops need under the circumstance of having suitable potential productivity by radiation and temperature calculating by Miami model.What's more,the research analyzed a bunch of water conservation approaches and different influences in different areas with its various economy and social situations by combining the experience of skills in efficient irrigation of survey areas.As for the research description,the use of efficient water-saving irrigation in Northwestern China can be fulfilled.