The Evolution Of China's Urbanization Thoughts And The Study Of The History, Achievements And Problems Of Urbanization

Urbanization is the common experience in the development of human society,but our country’s urbanization process has distinct Chinese characteristics.Based on the overview of ancient and modern urban ’s development histories,this paper expounds urbanization thoughts’ evolution after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the history,achievements and problems of urbanization practice.In the Paper,our urbanization is divided into four stages and on the basis of expounding different phases’ideas,history,achievements and problems.It Extracts the commonality of different stages,and the theoretical analysis was carried out on the practice of Chinese urbanization from the view of heterodox economics,then put forward a different thought of China’s urbanization,and provide reference for the healthy development of China’s urbanization in the future.Paper’s main contents are as follows:The first part introduces the historical process of our urbanization:the evolution of the modern city.The transformation of urban social structure is embodied in three aspects:Firstly,the urban social disintegration and reconstruction.Secondly,the change of social professional structure.Thirdly,the beginning of urban and rural Settings.The agglomeration process of rural population to urban is accelerated,and the urbanization characteristics gradually revealed.As the doors opened,under the impact of external ideology and the traditional concept,intellectuals opens the thinking of urbanization process,mainly reflected in the following the two aspects:Firstly,the introspection to the "city disease".Secondly,thinking and reflection on the urban and rural civilizations to cope with the "city disease".The second part involved the budding stage of urbanization development in our country in 1949-1979.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the first 30 years’ population policy and land policy,population policy has experienced the free migration period,a limited period of migration and completely restrict migration period,in the household registration system and the establishment of urban and rural dual system.Before the reform and open,basic characteristic of urban development is that under the background of planned economic system and the backward productive forces,restricting migration and the household registration system have ensured the size of the city and maintained the low urbanization rate,the urban population belongs to the natural reproductive stage and the focus of urbanization improved after the reform and open in China has became welfare differences between urban and rural caused by the household registration system.In this stage,China’s urban planning changes along with the development of the industrialization.Our country is put forward "focused on urban construction" policy at first.The establishment of a single economic system restricts small town’s development,according the idea of "heavy industry",we establish a batch of large and medium-sized cities.This stage of our urbanization process has a big fluctuation,urban and rural population circuitous migration lead big differences between our country’s urbanization rate and the real economical development level.The above factors lead to China’s overall level of urbanization is almost stagnant in this period.The third part is about the exploration stage of urbanization of China in 1979 to the mid 1990s.After China’s reform and open,rural surplus labor began to shift to the township enterprises and cities,and the eastern coastal areas began to absorb a large number of rural populations by taking the lead,then it opened the urbanization process.City establishment standard become more scientific after adjustment and it divides to the standard of big cities,medium cities,small cities and towns according to economy and non-agricultural population.We implement the shift that the measurement city economy translate from industry and agriculture to the gross national product(GNP).The adjustment of national policy and practice of reform and opening-up has caused the big discussion about urbanization though the theoretical circle,and the topic focused on that:Firstly,there are three kinds of view around this question:whether to realize urbanization,abandon urbanization,and realize the urbanization and non-urbanization road to industrialization.Secondly,the controversy about the urbanization of "large,medium and small".Urbanization development patterns exist three views that theory of small towns,the theory of big cities,and the theory of multivariate city,Fei Xiaotong’s theory of "small towns" gradually become the guiding theory of urbanization in our country.The fourth part focuses on the transformation of urbanization since the mid 1990s.After the mid 990s,China’s urbanization change to the new stage of urbanization,and the urbanization rate is over 50%,then the imbalance situation of urbanization and industrialization gradually reversed.The transformation of the household registration system,land system and the urban development become the focus of academia and the government during the period of transition.The discussion of the urbanization mainly concentrated in the following respects.During the period of transition,the development of urbanization has the achievements,at the same time,the development of the urbanization has brought a series of problems.The main problems of urbanization reflect on following points:Firstly,the labor migration has been limited,and capital land utilization rate is low.Secondly,the social fairness is lower and social contradictions increase.Thirdly,great damages to environment and resources.Fourthly,new town construction becomes the new problems of the urbanization construction.The core of the problem lies in that the traditional city path appears problem and urban development lacks of sustainable.The main stream’s discussion focus on the following points:Firstly,household registration system.Secondly,land system.Thirdly,the third debate about city scale.Fourthly,the discussion about urban governance,urban management,and urban overall planning.Fifthly,the discussion about urbanization at this stage.Finally,the author believes that China’s urbanization process has achieved the unprecedented achievement,but there are a series of problems need to be solved.Especially after the middle of 1990s China’s urbanization’s problems is remarkable in the transformation stage,and an important reason that lead to these problems is that:China’s urbanization transition mainly refer to the western mainstream economic theory,though this theory has merit,but it doesn’t adapt to the reality of China in the very great degree.Therefore,this article analyzes the problems existing in the urbanization of China from the perspective of western unorthodox economics,and tentatively puts forward a set of alternative solutions by thinking the goals,methods and steps of urbanization in China,so as to establish the theoretic base for the healthy development of China’s urbanization in the future.