Reserach On Decision Models Of Supply Chain Products' Price And Carbon Emissions Reduction Level Under The Low-carbon Economy Background

With excessive consumption of fossil energy, environmental pollution becomes worse, the global climate warming and environmental protection problem caused by excessive greenhouse gas emissions is increasingly serious. In order to fundamentally response and solve the problem of global climate warming and environmental protection, human society needs to establish low-carbon economic development model and low-carbon lifestyle to achieve the sustainable development of human economy and society. It indicates that the human society began to enter the new era of low carbon economy which is characterized by low energy consumption, low pollution, and low emission. Under the background of low carbon economy, Carbon Emissions Reduction (CER) is a fundamental approach to solve this problem effectively.To achieve the practical requirement of low carbon economy, how to promote enterprises to carry out investment activities of CER is also one of the focus of the work content for government and the enterprise. Regarding the supply chain,manufacturers and retailers will both face the opportunities and challenges on the increasement of low carbon investment and potential demand. Under the dual pressure of government regulation and consumer environmental awareness,manufacturers had to conduct the investment activities for the reduction of carbon emission and thus produce and provide low carbon products; meanwhile, retailers had to carry out the low carbon propaganda and promotion due to the growth of consumers' environmental awareness. To confront this investment opportunities,supply chain upstream and downstream enterprises will choose different investment strategies to further expand the market demand. On the study of supply chain enterprise carbon emissions reduction, in addition to the enterprise internal efforts, the influence of the external forces need to be paid attention too. Among them, the consumers' environmental awareness and supply chain power structure are the key content to realized enterprise carbon emissions reduction. Therefore, considering the influence of the consumers' environmental awareness and supply chain power structure,it contains an important theoretical significance and practical application value to do the research on the issue of supply chain product price and carbon emissions levels decisions. Based on the latest research at home and abroad, using the theory of supply chain management and game theory method, this paper investigated the issues of price and carbon emission reduction level decisions for single product,substitutable product and complementary product by considering the consumers'environmental awareness and supply chain power structure. Different decision model is established and solving respectively, moreover, by setting the parameters to numerical calculation and analysis, and validating the effectiveness of the theoretical research results. The main research content and innovational points is as follows.First, the paper studied price and carbon emission reduction level decisions for single product by considering different competitive behaviors and consumer environmental awareness. Except for the centralized decision, three decentralized decision models are mainly explored, including decentralized decision model when the two retailers make their decisions respectively, decentralized decision model when the two retailers adopt the collusion solution and decentralized decision model when the two retailers play Stackelberg game. The result indicated that the optimal prices and the maximum profits are positively correlated with the degree of competition between retailers and consumer's environmental awareness, and less in common consumer market among the D-R?D-C and D-S models. In terms of profit distribution,the monopoly manufacturer got more profit due to the increase of the total market demand.Second, the paper studied price and carbon emission reduction level decisions for substitutable products by considering consumer environmental awareness and supply chain power structure. Except for the centralized decision, four decentralized decision models are mainly explored, including manufacturer-dominated Stackelberg game when two manufacturers adopt self-care and collusion strategy respectively,and retailer-dominated Stackelberg game when two manufacturers adopt self-care and collusion strategy respectively. Among the MSSS?MSSC?RSSS and RSSC models,symmetric parameter comparative analysis shows the same decision variables as a result. It means that different competitive strategies of two manufacturers and different power structure of supply chain is not affected the optimal decisions,accordingly, two manufacturers adopted strategies of carbon emission reduction in the production process is not affected. The sensitivity analysis shows that the initial market share, the substitutable parameter of two products and the parameter of investment cost for carbon emission reduction impact on the optimal prices and the maximum profits is consistent, and the influence on the level of carbon emissions reduction is opposite.Third, the paper studied price and carbon emission reduction level decisions for complementary products by considering consumer environmental awareness and supply chain power structure. Except for the centralized decision, four decentralized decision models are mainly explored, including manufacturer-dominated Stackelberg game when two manufacturers adopt self-care and collusion strategy respectively,and retailer-dominated Stackelberg game when two manufacturers adopt self-care and collusion strategy respectively. Among the MSCC, MSCS, RSCC and RSCS models,the result of the symmetric parameter comparative analysis is consistent with the decision of substitutable products. The sensitivity analysis shows that the initial market share and the consumers' environmental awareness impact on the optimal prices, the optimal level of carbon emission reduction and the maximum profits is consistent, the complementary parameter of two products impact on the optimal prices, the optimal level of carbon emission reduction and the maximum profits is contrary.Due to the research question is more complicated,the application of methods and theoretical analysis are existing deficiency, the future study should be more in-depth in the following aspects, such as price and level of carbon emission reduction decision under the situation of uncertainty demand and asymmetric information, and the price of multi-product for product line and carbon emission reduction decisions etc.