Study On Efficiency And Its Dynamic Evolution Of Road Transportation Industry Based On DEA

The road transportation construction of China has rapidly developed and achieved outstanding achievements. A continuous increasing in highway mileage promotes the high development of the road transportation industry. In the past ten years, the proportion of road passenger and freight volume in the industry has been 91.65% and 74.61% on average, respectively. That indicates a prominent importance in the China's economic development. As such an important basic industry, the road transportation riding quality directly affects the China's economic development. Note that the road transportation riding quality refers to the virtues or defect degree of the road transportation in optimizing the resource allocation and satisfying the society demand and is commonly represented by the increasing of industry efficiency and whole factor productivity. Strengthening the industry riding efficiency and whole factor productivity can not only improve the industry riding quality, but also satisfy the urgent requirement of China's economic supply-side reform.In view of the above background, this thesis studies the question of improving quality and efficiency for China's road from the perspective of management practice and focuses on the resource contribution, influencing factor, environmental heterogeneity, productivity changes. This thesis utilizes appropriate model as well as empirical methods and provides management suggestions to China's road transportation industry according to the empirical outcomes. The main contents of this thesis are as follows.(1) Research on road transportation efficiency based on the resource sharing. In the context of the transportation resources sharing, this study focuses on the efficiency of passenger and freight transportation and the efficiency of overall transportation efficiency in various provinces, as well as the allocation proportion of the common resources and common expected outputs of the passenger and freight transportation.The chapter 2 in this thesis studies the parallel system. Firstly, the road transportation system is divided into passenger transportation system and freight transportation system,and uses the input and output of each system as the main evaluation index. Then, each decision unit is evaluated by establishing a parallel DEA model with resource sharing.This model not only completely abandons the method in which only the outcome of passenger and freight transportation is denoted as the evaluation criteria. Furthermore,this model can simultaneously evaluate the efficiency of the whole system and subsystems and simultaneously define the resources allocation among the subsystems.(2) Research on factors of road transportation efficiency. The existing literature mainly studies the road efficiency from different aspects and seldom pays attention to the problem of influencing factors, and thereby cannot further understands the China's road transportation industry. In Chapter 3, using stochastic frontier approach, this study constructs a Cobb—Douglas production function which is applicable to the industry,and verifies the impact of three factors, i.e., time, economic scale and classified highway proportion, on the road transportation efficiency. The empirical analysis shows that the economic scale has a prominently positive effect on the road transportation efficiency either from the perspective of national region or from three major regions.Through observing the influence of China's road transportation efficiency, this chapter incorporates the external factors, so that it can explore how the factors influence the direction and degree of the technical efficiency in different regions with quantitative analysis. This chapter not only provides some policy suggestions, but also offers a starting point for the study of heterogeneity in chapter 4.(3) Research on road transportation efficiency with regional heterogeneity. As studies in the Chapters 2 and 3, different degree in regional economic development leads to different economic structure which will influence the road transportation efficiency. Therefore, this chapter incorporates the non-homogeneity of DMUs into the process of efficiency assessment and efficiency learning. The study considers the limit of proportional relationship among different outputs of road transportation, and builds the CAR-DEA model which is accord to heterogeneity requirement from the perspective of weight relation, and then carrying on the empirical research. Empirical results show that with the more and more balanced economic development in China,the central and eastern regions should focus on controlling the scale of road transportation services, and the western region should appropriately expand the scale and improve the quality.(4) Research on road transportation efficiency and dynamic development of total factor productivity. The above chapters in this thesis discussed the problem of road transportation efficiency from the static point. This chapter will proceed on our study from the road transportation efficiency and dynamic development of total factor productivity. The running quality of road transportation in China is measured dynamically with the Hicks-Moorsteen total factor productivity (TFP) index number approach. This method solves two deficiencies where the parametric frontier cannot be subdivided and the Malmquist total factor productivity index cannot decompose the growth rate of scope efficiency. In addition, this chapter also uses cross-analysis between the growth rate of total factor productivity and the efficiency,which comprehensively reflect China's road transportation riding quality and the development trend in different regions. The empirical results show that the overall inefficiency of the road transportation in China is mainly affected by the low efficiency of technology and scope. Thus, some policies or measures should be established to strengthen the scope of application as well as the extent of utilizing for the new technologies in road transportation. And that the coordination of passenger and freight transportation should be optimized. In addition, the main reason for the decline in total factor productivity is the regression of industry technology growth rate, which means the average value of best production level declines in past years, and the application degree of new technology should be propelled from a wider range.