The Influencing Mechanism Of Urban-rural Income Gap In China Under The Background Of New-type Urbanization

Under the background of globalization and marketization,China has experienced a rapid economic growth,now it marched into the urbanization of low-base and high-speed.With the agglomeration of economic activities in urban and costal district,the urban-rural income gap and regional income gap has been enlarged,and the quality of urbanization needs to be enhanced.In this condition,how to narrow the urban-rural income gap while keep the economy growing,and how to choose the appropriate path of urbanization and development should be important problems to be solved,which is the starting point and foothold of this paper.This paper attempts to construct the theoretical model of labor's mobility and urban capital investment affecting the evolution of urban-rural income gap during the urbanization process and carries out empirical research related to urban-rural income gap,explore the efficient path of narrowing urban-rural income gap under the background of new-type urbanization,which have important theoretical and practical significance.This paper combings and induce existed research from four aspects containing the theoretical context,spatial-temporal evolution,influencing factors of urban-rural income gap and the effect of new-type urbanization policy.In the way of tradional urbanization,the household registration system and city-biased policy caused the expanding income gap between urban and rural areas,as a starting point,this paper constructs the theoretical model which could reflect the change of urban-rural income level with labor mobility and capital investment,carries out numerical simulation based on the actual situation in China,which make the model more close to the reality.This paper measures the urban-rural income gap of the whole nation and each province by urban-rural income ratio and Theil Index,the analysis of spatial-temporal evolution of the urban-rural income gap will provide basement and ideas for the consequent location analysis and policy effect.According to the theoretical research and evolution,this paper examines the influencing factors of urban-rural income gap using the provincial panel data with spatial econometric method.This paper investigates the mechanism of influencing factors of urban-rural income gap and regional spatial dependence using the spatial lag model,analyzes the long-term spatial dependence by dynamic spatial lag model,and decomposes the direct and indirect effect of each factor.Then using the geographically and temporally weighted regression model to investigate the effect of spatial heterogeneity.Based on the conclusion of spatial dependence and heterogeneity,this paper concludes the normal and differentiate regional policy with a brief location-path graph.Afterwards,this paper discusses the validity of the policy under the new-type urbanization,making Anhui province as the treating area,examines the validity of new-type urbanization comprehensive reform and countryside comprehensive reform by propensity score matching and difference-in-difference estimation,and sum the differential results under different condition,summarizes the measures of narrowing the urban-rural income gap under the background of new-type urbanization.This paper intends to discover main factors and secondary factors,which provide policy suggestions for methods and paths to narrow the urban-rural income gap.This paper's structure mainly include introduction,literature review,theoretical models,spatial and temporal evolution,influencing factors empirical test,the validity examination,conclusions and policy suggestions,and so on.The main conclusions are listed as follows:? Theoretical study shows that: without considering the capital investment,the labor mobility from agriculture to industry will narrow the urban-rural income gap,but improve the overall urban-rural income level,while the labor mobility from rural to urban will expand the urban-rural income gap,but decrease the overall urban-rural income level,with the decreasing of trade cost between urban rural district,the urban-rural income gap increase first and then decrease.Considering the capital investment,the labor mobility from agriculture to industry and from rural to urban will narrow the urban-rural income gap,the increasing proportion of urban investment expand the urban-rural income gap.When the level of industrialization and urbanization is low,the labor mobility decreases the overall urban-rural income level,but when the level of industrialization and urbanization is high,the labor mobility increases the overall urban-rural income level,the increasing proportion of urban investment decreases the overall urban-rural income level.? The urban-rural income gap has experienced five stages including first narrow(1979-1985),volatility rise(1985-1994),narrow again(1994-1997),continued expansion(1997-2009)and narrow again(2009-now)in China.From subregional perspective,the urban-rural income gap presents the feature of high in west and low in east distribution,the lowest income gap is in the east coastal regions,then the central region,the highest is in the west regions.both of the global autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation are significantly in our country,and the spatial spillover effect is also apparent,the partial autocorrelation hot spots concentrate in the western region,the cold spots concentrate in the eastern coastal regions,and consistent with the economic geographical distribution,it states that the regional synergy is significant,and the regional development is imbalance.? On the study of the urban-rural income gap's influencing factors,urban capital investment and urbanization are still the main influencing factor of urban-rural income gap,with the adjustment of the investment direction and the lossen of household registration system,it has began to narrow the income gap in some extent.Unconsidering the lag effect,technology,road construction and financial investment is useful to narrow income gap,education will enlarge income gap.Considering long-term effect,financial investment is non-significant,investigate the marginal effect,it states that urban capital investment,road construction and urbanization has significant direct effect,education and technology has significant indirect effect.Considering spatial heterogeneity,the urban-rural income gap connets with economic development closely,urban capital investment is significant in western areas,urbanization is significant in eastern areas,foreign direct investment is significant in middle and western district,road construction and financial investment are significant in western areas.? The analysis on the effect of new-type urbanization shows that the new-type urbanization development policy has significant effect on narrowing the urban-rural income gap,mainly by promoting the farmers' income,with non-significant influence on increasing the income of urban residents.The rural comprehensive reform significantly increased the farmers' income,mainly through enhancing the transfer income,it has little impact on the agricultural production capacity.The new-type urbanization development policy is more useful in area with lager population,and farmers' residentialization has achieved initial results,in area with less population,the reform is unsignificant,the point of reform should be focused on increasing farmers' income.The rural comprehensive reform has more influence in areas with high level of economic development,and promote the transfer income in less developing areas,it also has inhibiting effect on the agricultural production capacity in area with less population,it state that the reform should be advanced with the new-type urbanization,efforts to promote rural self-development capacity.This paper mainly studies the evolution of urban-rural income gap,influencing factors and the effect of new-type urbanization policy,conclude the path to narrow urban-rural income gap.Under the background of traditional urbanization,according to the dual economic structural and the priority development of heavy industry,the expanding urban-rural income gap become inevitable,but under the background of new-type urbanization,loosen household registration system,the implementation of integration policy between urban and rural,and the agricultural modernization,will narrow the urban-rural income gap gradually.Adoped regional differentiate policy,development of urban agglomerations,farmers' residentialization,new rural reconstruction and so on are the effective ways to narrow the urban-rural income gap.