Research On The Impact Of Urbanization On The Income Gap Between Urban And Rural Residents In China

Urbanization is the objective trend of human social development and the main symbol of Chinese modernization.Since the founding of the People's republic of China,the process of urbanization in China develops rapidly,urban population continues to increase,urban size continues to expand,the quantity of city and organic town continues to increase,and the total value of secondary and tertiary industry increase rapidly.Whether it is relative or absolute,the gap between urban and rural incomes is still growing gradually.So there are important significance both in theory and practice for us to rethink what the impact of Chinese urbanization on the income gap between urban and rural residents are,to find out the mechanism of the effect of urbanization elements on the income gap,and to provide the advice of narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents for pushing forward the process of urbanization and achieving the coordinated development and service of city and country.This paper studies the effects of Chinese urbanization on the income gap between urban and rural residents,references and summarizes the foreign and domestic related research and concepts,and analyzes the basic theory in detail.It describes the evolution and current situation of urbanization in China development from the aspects of the urbanization rate and the size and quantity of city and organic town,which presented the features of non-balanced development and government-dominated.By using the index between relative income gap and absolute income gap to describe the historical evolution and current situation,which points out the features of expanding income gap between urban and rural residents in China and higher business income in country than those in city.Then it establishes index system to do empirical analysis for the relevance of urbanization in China and income gap between urban and rural residents,which concluded that there are obvious effects of Chinese urbanization on the income gap.On the basis analysis of chapter 2,this paper studies the mechanism of the effects of Chinese urbanization on the income gap between urban and rural residents.Based on the factors flowing of urbanization and the economic intention of combined effect,this paper expounds respectively the mechanism of action that labor transfer,the change of industrial structure,the combined and spread effect,and city biased economic policy have an effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents by using the methods of qualitative analysis and establishing mathematical model.In chapter 5,this paper mainly studies the effects of labor transfer on the income gap between urban and rural residents,on the basis of analyzing Chinese labor transfer and the change of wages,uses the data of the field study and establishes structural equation model for empirical test from the perspective of the change of the mode of agricultural production and operation after the transfer of urban and rural labor force.The survey shows that both the transfer of urban and rural labor force and the change of the mode of agricultural production and operation can narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents,and the contribution of the former is greater than that of the latter.The effects from land circulation peasants,large agricultural holders,and farmers cooperation on the income gap between urban and rural residents are different.Large agricultural holders show obvious effects on narrowing the income gap,which followed by farmers cooperation,and land circulation peasants show no obvious effects on it.In the aspect of the effects of the combined and spread effect of cities and organic town on the income gap between urban and rural residents,this paper measures the change of industrial agglomeration in China since the policy of reform and opening to the outside world by using the Ciccone index,and establishes blending and fixing effect model for discussing the effects of industrial agglomeration and industrial structure upgrading on the income gap between urban and rural residents.The survey shows that agglomeration of industry,construction business and tertiary industry all have obvious effects on the income gap between urban and rural residents,and industrial structure upgrading has effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents indirectly.Under the effects of both direct effect and indirect effect,there exists difference among the direct effects.The improvement of agglomeration standards of industry,construction business and tertiary industry all has narrowed the income gap between urban and rural residents.But the influencing degree of each standard is different,construction business agglomeration standard has the deepest affection on narrowing the income gap,followed by tertiary industry and industry.This paper studies the effect of urbanization spread effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents by using the multivariate VAR model from the perspective of agricultural modernization and found that there exists a long-term and stable proportional relation among the process of urbanization in China,the degree of agricultural modernization,and the income gap between urban and rural residents;the process of urbanization is the Grange cause of the degree of agricultural modernization,the degree of agricultural modernization is the Grange cause of the income gap between urban and rural residents.The process of urbanization has a positive and stable effect on agricultural modernization,and the process of agricultural modernization mainly effects the income gap between urban and rural residents.In the aspect of the effects of city biased economic policy in China on the income gap between urban and rural residents,this paper expounds evolution and historical performance of city biased economic policy in China,uses provincial panel data,and establishes a fixed effect model for empirical analyzing the effect of city biased economic policy on the income gap between urban and rural residents.The survey shows that there is a greater effect of city biased economic policy on the income gap in China between urban and rural residents,especially these elements of dual economic structure between city and country,investment in the fixed assets,degree offinancial development,and social security level of city and country.According to the above research,this paper puts forward the framework and suggestion of narrowing income gap from the perspective of urbanization.On the basic principle of the urbanization strategy that the party and government has put forward.This principle gives priority to adhere to the coordinated economic and social development of city and country,and market determined,while take the administrative intervention as the assistant method.Beside that,the government also insists three principles of the people first,the industry support agriculture,and the city support the countryside,which grasping three paths around the rural labor transfer,urban combined and spread effect,and the improvement of agricultural supporting policy system and pushing the policy environment of promoting the transfer of labor force steadily,relaxing the transfer of labor flow to city,promoting the transferred labor to the high income industry,pushing the transfer of agricultural production and operation mode,improving the agglomeration level of urbanization industry,developing modern agriculture,and completing agricultural comprehensive supporting policy system for pushing forward to the comprehensive policy measures actively and steadily in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents.